編輯:關於android開發
以前在寫項目的時候,沒有過多考慮架構模式的問題,因為之前一直做J2EE開發,而J2EE都是采用MVC模式進行開發的,所以在搭建公司項目的時候,也是使用類似MVC的架構(嚴格來講,之前的項目還算不上MVC模式,只是簡單將網絡請求與界面分離,然後通過Handle通知更新界面)。這種寫法,在後面隨著項目越來越大,Activty或者Fragment中代碼也會越來越多,導致項目的維護變的越來越復雜。所以需要另外一種架構模式來解決這個問題,在網上浏覽了一圈,發現適合Android開發的架構模式非MVP莫屬了。
網上一搜,講MVP模式的文章比比皆是。但是大多都是講理論,稍微好點的會附帶一個簡單的登錄的demo。一個簡單的demo很難讓初次接觸MVP模式的人掌握它的使用。所以我決定寫一個稍微復雜一點的新聞客戶端SimpleNews(當然只是相對登錄的demo)來展示MVP在具體項目中的使用。另外SimpleNews還使用了Material Design,也是學習Material Design的一個好Demo。
好了,切入正文吧。先講一下MVP的概念。
MVP是模型(Model)、視圖(View)、主持人(Presenter)的縮寫,分別代表項目中3個不同的模塊。
模型(Model):負責處理數據的加載或者存儲,比如從網絡或本地數據庫獲取數據等;
視圖(View):負責界面數據的展示,與用戶進行交互;
主持人(Presenter):相當於協調者,是模型與視圖之間的橋梁,將模型與視圖分離開來。
如下圖所示,View與Model並不直接交互,而是使用Presenter作為View與Model之間的橋梁。其中Presenter中同時持有Viwe層以及Model層的Interface的引用,而View層持有Presenter層Interface的引用。當View層某個界面需要展示某些數據的時候,首先會調用Presenter層的某個接口,然後Presenter層會調用Model層請求數據,當Model層數據加載成功之後會調用Presenter層的回調方法通知Presenter層數據加載完畢,最後Presenter層再調用View層的接口將加載後的數據展示給用戶。這就是MVP模式的整個核心過程。
這樣分層的好處就是大大減少了Model與View層之間的耦合度。一方面可以使得View層和Model層單獨開發與測試,互不依賴。另一方面Model層可以封裝復用,可以極大的減少代碼量。當然,MVP還有其他的一些優點,這裡不再贅述。下面看下MVP模式在具體項目中的使用。
1、View層
View層新聞展示模塊的是組件是Fragment,裡面有一個RecyclerView、SwipeRefreshLayout。布局代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:id="@+id/swipe_refresh_widget" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView android:id="@+id/recycle_view" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:scrollbars="vertical" app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" android:paddingTop="@dimen/card_margin"> </android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView> </android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout>
新聞列表模塊主要是展示從網絡獲取的新聞列表信息,View層的接口大概需要如下方法:
(1)加載數據的過程中需要提示“正在加載”的反饋信息給用戶
(2)加載成功後,將加載得到的數據填充到RecyclerView展示給用戶
(3)加載成功後,需要將“正在加載”反饋信息取消掉
(4)若加載數據失敗,如無網絡連接,則需要給用戶提示信息
根據上面描述,我們將View層的接口定義如下,分別對應上面四個方法:
public interface NewsView { void showProgress(); void addNews(List<NewsBean> newsList); void hideProgress(); void showLoadFailMsg(); }
在新聞列表Fragment中實現上述接口:
package com.lauren.simplenews.news.widget; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.annotation.Nullable; import android.support.design.widget.Snackbar; import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat; import android.support.v4.app.ActivityOptionsCompat; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout; import android.support.v7.widget.DefaultItemAnimator; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import com.lauren.simplenews.R; import com.lauren.simplenews.beans.NewsBean; import com.lauren.simplenews.commons.Urls; import com.lauren.simplenews.news.NewsAdapter; import com.lauren.simplenews.news.presenter.NewsPresenter; import com.lauren.simplenews.news.presenter.NewsPresenterImpl; import com.lauren.simplenews.news.view.NewsView; import com.lauren.simplenews.utils.LogUtils; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * Description : 新聞Fragment * Author : lauren * Email : [email protected] * Blog : http://www.liuling123.com * Date : 15/12/13 */ public class NewsListFragment extends Fragment implements NewsView, SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener { private static final String TAG = "NewsListFragment"; private SwipeRefreshLayout mSwipeRefreshWidget; private RecyclerView mRecyclerView; private LinearLayoutManager mLayoutManager; private NewsAdapter mAdapter; private List<NewsBean> mData; private NewsPresenter mNewsPresenter; private int mType = NewsFragment.NEWS_TYPE_TOP; private int pageIndex = 0; public static NewsListFragment newInstance(int type) { Bundle args = new Bundle(); NewsListFragment fragment = new NewsListFragment(); args.putInt("type", type); fragment.setArguments(args); return fragment; } @Override public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mNewsPresenter = new NewsPresenterImpl(this); mType = getArguments().getInt("type"); } @Nullable @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_newslist, null); mSwipeRefreshWidget = (SwipeRefreshLayout) view.findViewById(R.id.swipe_refresh_widget); mSwipeRefreshWidget.setColorSchemeResources(R.color.primary, R.color.primary_dark, R.color.primary_light, R.color.accent); mSwipeRefreshWidget.setOnRefreshListener(this); mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView)view.findViewById(R.id.recycle_view); mRecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true); mLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity()); mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mLayoutManager); mRecyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator()); mAdapter = new NewsAdapter(getActivity().getApplicationContext()); mAdapter.setOnItemClickListener(mOnItemClickListener); mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter); mRecyclerView.setOnScrollListener(mOnScrollListener); onRefresh(); return view; } private RecyclerView.OnScrollListener mOnScrollListener = new RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() { private int lastVisibleItem; @Override public void onScrolled(RecyclerView recyclerView, int dx, int dy) { super.onScrolled(recyclerView, dx, dy); lastVisibleItem = mLayoutManager.findLastVisibleItemPosition(); } @Override public void onScrollStateChanged(RecyclerView recyclerView, int newState) { super.onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView, newState); if (newState == RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_IDLE && lastVisibleItem + 1 == mAdapter.getItemCount() && mAdapter.isShowFooter()) { //加載更多 LogUtils.d(TAG, "loading more data"); mNewsPresenter.loadNews(mType, pageIndex + Urls.PAZE_SIZE); } } }; private NewsAdapter.OnItemClickListener mOnItemClickListener = new NewsAdapter.OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(View view, int position) { NewsBean news = mAdapter.getItem(position); Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), NewsDetailActivity.class); intent.putExtra("news", news); View transitionView = view.findViewById(R.id.ivNews); ActivityOptionsCompat options = ActivityOptionsCompat.makeSceneTransitionAnimation(getActivity(), transitionView, getString(R.string.transition_news_img)); ActivityCompat.startActivity(getActivity(), intent, options.toBundle()); } }; @Override public void showProgress() { mSwipeRefreshWidget.setRefreshing(true); } @Override public void addNews(List<NewsBean> newsList) { mAdapter.isShowFooter(true); if(mData == null) { mData = new ArrayList<NewsBean>(); } mData.addAll(newsList); if(pageIndex == 0) { mAdapter.setmDate(mData); } else { //如果沒有更多數據了,則隱藏footer布局 if(newsList == null || newsList.size() == 0) { mAdapter.isShowFooter(false); } mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } pageIndex += Urls.PAZE_SIZE; } @Override public void hideProgress() { mSwipeRefreshWidget.setRefreshing(false); } @Override public void showLoadFailMsg() { if(pageIndex == 0) { mAdapter.isShowFooter(false); mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } Snackbar.make(getActivity().findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout), getString(R.string.load_fail), Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onRefresh() { pageIndex = 0; if(mData != null) { mData.clear(); } mNewsPresenter.loadNews(mType, pageIndex); } }
2、Model層
新聞模塊的model主要負責從服務器獲取新聞列表信息,接口代碼如下:
public interface NewsModel { void loadNews(String url, int type, NewsModelImpl.OnLoadNewsListListener listener); ...... }
實現如下:
package com.lauren.simplenews.news.model; import com.lauren.simplenews.beans.NewsBean; import com.lauren.simplenews.beans.NewsDetailBean; import com.lauren.simplenews.commons.Urls; import com.lauren.simplenews.news.NewsJsonUtils; import com.lauren.simplenews.news.widget.NewsFragment; import com.lauren.simplenews.utils.OkHttpUtils; import java.util.List; /** * Description : 新聞業務處理類 * Author : lauren * Email : [email protected] * Blog : http://www.liuling123.com * Date : 15/12/19 */ public class NewsModelImpl implements NewsModel { /** * 加載新聞列表 * @param url * @param listener */ @Override public void loadNews(String url, final int type, final OnLoadNewsListListener listener) { OkHttpUtils.ResultCallback<String> loadNewsCallback = new OkHttpUtils.ResultCallback<String>() { @Override public void onSuccess(String response) { List<NewsBean> newsBeanList = NewsJsonUtils.readJsonNewsBeans(response, getID(type)); listener.onSuccess(newsBeanList); } @Override public void onFailure(Exception e) { listener.onFailure("load news list failure.", e); } }; OkHttpUtils.get(url, loadNewsCallback); } ...... /** * 獲取ID * @param type * @return */ private String getID(int type) { String id; switch (type) { case NewsFragment.NEWS_TYPE_TOP: id = Urls.TOP_ID; break; case NewsFragment.NEWS_TYPE_NBA: id = Urls.NBA_ID; break; case NewsFragment.NEWS_TYPE_CARS: id = Urls.CAR_ID; break; case NewsFragment.NEWS_TYPE_JOKES: id = Urls.JOKE_ID; break; default: id = Urls.TOP_ID; break; } return id; } private String getDetailUrl(String docId) { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(Urls.NEW_DETAIL); sb.append(docId).append(Urls.END_DETAIL_URL); return sb.toString(); } public interface OnLoadNewsListListener { void onSuccess(List<NewsBean> list); void onFailure(String msg, Exception e); } ...... }
網絡請求使用開源項目OkHttp,OkHttpUtils是對其的封裝,具體代碼如下:
package com.lauren.simplenews.utils; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Looper; import com.google.gson.internal.$Gson$Types; import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback; import com.squareup.okhttp.FormEncodingBuilder; import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient; import com.squareup.okhttp.Request; import com.squareup.okhttp.RequestBody; import com.squareup.okhttp.Response; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType; import java.lang.reflect.Type; import java.net.CookieManager; import java.net.CookiePolicy; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * Description : OkHttp網絡連接封裝工具類 * Author : lauren * Email : [email protected] * Blog : http://www.liuling123.com * Date : 15/12/17 */ public class OkHttpUtils { private static final String TAG = "OkHttpUtils"; private static OkHttpUtils mInstance; private OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient; private Handler mDelivery; private OkHttpUtils() { mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient(); mOkHttpClient.setConnectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); mOkHttpClient.setWriteTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); mOkHttpClient.setReadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //cookie enabled mOkHttpClient.setCookieHandler(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER)); mDelivery = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()); } private synchronized static OkHttpUtils getmInstance() { if (mInstance == null) { mInstance = new OkHttpUtils(); } return mInstance; } private void getRequest(String url, final ResultCallback callback) { final Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build(); deliveryResult(callback, request); } private void postRequest(String url, final ResultCallback callback, List<Param> params) { Request request = buildPostRequest(url, params); deliveryResult(callback, request); } private void deliveryResult(final ResultCallback callback, Request request) { mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(Request request, final IOException e) { sendFailCallback(callback, e); } @Override public void onResponse(Response response) throws IOException { try { String str = response.body().string(); if (callback.mType == String.class) { sendSuccessCallBack(callback, str); } else { Object object = JsonUtils.deserialize(str, callback.mType); sendSuccessCallBack(callback, object); } } catch (final Exception e) { LogUtils.e(TAG, "convert json failure", e); sendFailCallback(callback, e); } } }); } private void sendFailCallback(final ResultCallback callback, final Exception e) { mDelivery.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (callback != null) { callback.onFailure(e); } } }); } private void sendSuccessCallBack(final ResultCallback callback, final Object obj) { mDelivery.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (callback != null) { callback.onSuccess(obj); } } }); } private Request buildPostRequest(String url, List<Param> params) { FormEncodingBuilder builder = new FormEncodingBuilder(); for (Param param : params) { builder.add(param.key, param.value); } RequestBody requestBody = builder.build(); return new Request.Builder().url(url).post(requestBody).build(); } /**********************對外接口************************/ /** * get請求 * @param url 請求url * @param callback 請求回調 */ public static void get(String url, ResultCallback callback) { getmInstance().getRequest(url, callback); } /** * post請求 * @param url 請求url * @param callback 請求回調 * @param params 請求參數 */ public static void post(String url, final ResultCallback callback, List<Param> params) { getmInstance().postRequest(url, callback, params); } /** * http請求回調類,回調方法在UI線程中執行 * @param <T> */ public static abstract class ResultCallback<T> { Type mType; public ResultCallback(){ mType = getSuperclassTypeParameter(getClass()); } static Type getSuperclassTypeParameter(Class<?> subclass) { Type superclass = subclass.getGenericSuperclass(); if (superclass instanceof Class) { throw new RuntimeException("Missing type parameter."); } ParameterizedType parameterized = (ParameterizedType) superclass; return $Gson$Types.canonicalize(parameterized.getActualTypeArguments()[0]); } /** * 請求成功回調 * @param response */ public abstract void onSuccess(T response); /** * 請求失敗回調 * @param e */ public abstract void onFailure(Exception e); } /** * post請求參數類 */ public static class Param { String key; String value; public Param() { } public Param(String key, String value) { this.key = key; this.value = value; } } }
將網絡請求進行封裝可以減少很多的代碼量,並且後期如果我不想用okhttp了,想換成其它的庫,修改起來也方便。
3、Presenter層
View層需要調用Presenter層加載新聞信息,所以Presenter需要提供加載新聞信息的接口:
public interface NewsPresenter { void loadNews(int type, int page); }
NewsPresenterImpl的構造函數中需要傳入View層的接口對象NewView,並且需要創建一個NewsModel對象。Presenter的具體實現:
package com.lauren.simplenews.news.presenter; import com.lauren.simplenews.beans.NewsBean; import com.lauren.simplenews.commons.Urls; import com.lauren.simplenews.news.model.NewsModel; import com.lauren.simplenews.news.model.NewsModelImpl; import com.lauren.simplenews.news.view.NewsView; import com.lauren.simplenews.news.widget.NewsFragment; import com.lauren.simplenews.utils.LogUtils; import java.util.List; /** * Description : * Author : lauren * Email : [email protected] * Blog : http://www.liuling123.com * Date : 15/12/18 */ public class NewsPresenterImpl implements NewsPresenter, NewsModelImpl.OnLoadNewsListListener { private static final String TAG = "NewsPresenterImpl"; private NewsView mNewsView; private NewsModel mNewsModel; public NewsPresenterImpl(NewsView newsView) { this.mNewsView = newsView; this.mNewsModel = new NewsModelImpl(); } @Override public void loadNews(final int type, final int pageIndex) { String url = getUrl(type, pageIndex); LogUtils.d(TAG, url); //只有第一頁的或者刷新的時候才顯示刷新進度條 if(pageIndex == 0) { mNewsView.showProgress(); } mNewsModel.loadNews(url, type, this); } /** * 根據類別和頁面索引創建url * @param type * @param pageIndex * @return */ private String getUrl(int type, int pageIndex) { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); switch (type) { case NewsFragment.NEWS_TYPE_TOP: sb.append(Urls.TOP_URL).append(Urls.TOP_ID); break; case NewsFragment.NEWS_TYPE_NBA: sb.append(Urls.COMMON_URL).append(Urls.NBA_ID); break; case NewsFragment.NEWS_TYPE_CARS: sb.append(Urls.COMMON_URL).append(Urls.CAR_ID); break; case NewsFragment.NEWS_TYPE_JOKES: sb.append(Urls.COMMON_URL).append(Urls.JOKE_ID); break; default: sb.append(Urls.TOP_URL).append(Urls.TOP_ID); break; } sb.append("/").append(pageIndex).append(Urls.END_URL); return sb.toString(); } @Override public void onSuccess(List<NewsBean> list) { mNewsView.hideProgress(); mNewsView.addNews(list); } @Override public void onFailure(String msg, Exception e) { mNewsView.hideProgress(); mNewsView.showLoadFailMsg(); } }
當用戶切換到NewsListFragment界面之後,界面需要展示新聞列表信息給用戶。首先NewsListFragment會調用NewsPresenter的loadNews方法,NewsPresenter 的loadNews方法中又會調用NewsModel中的loadNews方法。NewsModel中的loadNews方法中就是加載數據的核心,通過Okhttp請求服務器接口獲取數據,無論數據獲取成功與否,都會通過OnLoadNewsListener接口回調給NewsPresenter 。如果獲取成功,NewsPresenter 會調用NewsView的addNews方法將獲取的新聞列表信息展示到RecyclerView。如果獲取失敗,則調用NewsView的showLoadFialMsg方法向用戶提示失敗信息。
以上就是新聞列表請求的整個過程。
源碼地址:https://github.com/liuling07/SimpleNews
轉載請注明出處:http://www.liuling123.com/2015/12/mvp-pattern-android.html
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