上次介紹了Activity以及Intent的使用,這次就介紹Service,如果把Activity比喻為前台程序,那麼Service就是後台程序,Service的整個生命周期都只會在後台執行。Service跟Activity一樣也由Intent調用。在工程裡想要添加一個Service,先新建繼承Service的類,然後到AndroidManifest.xml -> Application ->Application Nodes中的Service標簽中添加。
Service要由Activity通過startService 或者 bindService來啟動,Intent負責傳遞參數。先貼出本文程序運行截圖:
本文主要講解Service的調用,以及其生命周期。
上圖是startService之後再stopService的Service狀態變化。
上圖是bindService之後再unbindService的Service狀態變化。
startService與bindService都可以啟動Service,那麼它們之間有什麼區別呢?它們兩者的區別就是使Service的周期改變。由startService啟動的Service必須要有stopService來結束Service,不調用stopService則會造成Activity結束了而Service還運行著。bindService啟動的Service可以由unbindService來結束,也可以在Activity結束之後(onDestroy)自動結束。
上圖是startService之後再Activity.finish()的Service狀態變化,Service還在跑著。
上圖是bindService之後再Activity.finish()的Service狀態變化,Service最後自動unbindService。
main.xml代碼:
XML/HTML代碼
- <linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent">
- <button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btnStartMyService"
- android:text="StartMyService">
- <button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btnStopMyService"
- android:text="StopMyService">
- <button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btnBindMyService"
- android:text="BindMyService">
- <button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btnUnbindMyService"
- android:text="UnbindMyService">
- <button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btnExit"
- android:text="退出程序">
testService.java的源碼:
Java代碼
- package com.testService;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.app.Service;
- import android.content.ComponentName;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.content.ServiceConnection;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.Button;
-
- public class testService extends Activity {
- Button btnStartMyService,btnStopMyService,btnBindMyService,btnUnbindMyService,btnExit;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- btnStartMyService=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnStartMyService);
- btnStartMyService.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
-
- btnStopMyService=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnStopMyService);
- btnStopMyService.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
-
- btnBindMyService=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnBindMyService);
- btnBindMyService.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
-
- btnUnbindMyService=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnUnbindMyService);
- btnUnbindMyService.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
-
- btnExit=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnExit);
- btnExit.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy()
- {
- super.onDestroy();
- Log.e("Activity","onDestroy");
- }
-
- private ServiceConnection _connection = new ServiceConnection() {
- @Override
- public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName arg0, IBinder arg1) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- }
- };
- class ClickEvent implements View.OnClickListener{
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- Intent intent=new Intent(testService.this,MyService.class);
- if(v==btnStartMyService){
- testService.this.startService(intent);
- }
- else if(v==btnStopMyService){
- testService.this.stopService(intent);
- }
- else if(v==btnBindMyService){
- testService.this.bindService(intent, _connection, Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
- }
- else if(v==btnUnbindMyService){
- if(MyService.ServiceState=="onBind")//Service綁定了之後才能解綁
- testService.this.unbindService(_connection);
- }
- else if(v==btnExit)
- {
- testService.this.finish();
- }
-
- }
-
- }
- }
MyService.java的源碼:
Java代碼
- package com.testService;
-
- import android.app.Service;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.util.Log;
-
- public class MyService extends Service {
- static public String ServiceState="";
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
- Log.e("Service", "onBind");
- ServiceState="onBind";
- return null;
- }
- @Override
- public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent){
- super.onUnbind(intent);
- Log.e("Service", "onUnbind");
- ServiceState="onUnbind";
- return false;
-
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate(){
- super.onCreate();
- Log.e("Service", "onCreate");
- ServiceState="onCreate";
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy(){
- super.onDestroy();
- Log.e("Service", "onDestroy");
- ServiceState="onDestroy";
- }
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent,int startid){
- super.onStart(intent, startid);
- Log.e("Service", "onStart");
- ServiceState="onStart";
- }
-
- }