編輯:關於android開發
RecyclerView這個控件也出來很久了,相信大家也學習的差不多了,如果還沒學習的,或許我可以帶領大家體驗一把這個藝術般的控件。
據官方介紹,該控件是屬於之間用的非常多的ListView和GridView的替代品,既然能替代用的如此普遍的它們,這自然有其該有的優勢。
1)相對於ListView而言RecyclerView的優勢體現在:
①封裝了之前ListView的優化,封裝了之前ViewHolder的復用,這樣在自定義適配器的時候我們面向的不再是View,而是一個ViewHolder.
②提供了插板式的體驗,高度解耦,異常靈活,針對每一項的顯示抽取出了相應的類來控制每一個item的顯示。若想實現網格視圖或者瀑布流或者橫向的ListView都可以通過制定不一樣的LayoutManager來實現高大上的效果,這樣就可以針對自己的業務邏輯隨意發揮了。
③現在的RecyclerView對增刪也有了動畫的加入,並且你還可以自定義這些動畫。
④對於Adaper適配器,現在刷新也增加了相應的方法,雖然之前的notifyDataSetChanged()同樣可以實現這樣的效果,但是每次刷新整個界面在數據多的時候必然會大大影響用戶體驗。所以Adapter增加了更新數據的方法notifyItemInserted和notifyItemRemoved,這樣就可以在增刪數據的時候只刷新被操作的Item,而且還加入了高大上的動畫效果呢。
2)基本用法:
相信描述了這麼多,你一定對這個神奇的控件迫不及待想嘗試一波了。要用到這個RecyclerView很簡單,首先在Gradle中添加支持包:
1compile
'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:24.0.0'
下面就先來一個簡單的用法,首先來Activity
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com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import
android.support.v7.widget.DefaultItemAnimator;
import
android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import
android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.widget.Toast;
import
java.util.ArrayList;
import
java.util.List;
import
java.util.Locale;
public
class
MainActivity
extends
AppCompatActivity
implements
MyAdapter.OnRecyclerItemClickListener {
private
MyAdapter adapter;
@Override
protected
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.main_recycler);
List<String> list =
new
ArrayList<>();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i <
100
; i++) {
// list.add(String.format(Locale.CHINA, "第%03d條數據%s", i, i % 2 == 0 ? "" : "-----------------------"));
list.add(String.format(Locale.CHINA,
"第%03d條數據"
, i));
}
adapter =
new
MyAdapter(
this
, list);
adapter.setOnRecyclerItemClickListener(
this
);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
DefaultItemAnimator animator =
new
DefaultItemAnimator();
animator.setRemoveDuration(
1000
);
recyclerView.setItemAnimator(animator);
//recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new MyDividerItemDecoration(this,MyDividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST));
//最後一個參數是反轉布局一定是false,為true的時候為逆向顯示,在聊天記錄中可能會有使用
//這個東西在顯示後才會加載,不會像ScollView一樣一次性加載導致內存溢出
LinearLayoutManager layoutManager =
new
LinearLayoutManager(
this
, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL,
false
);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
// GridLayoutManager gridLayoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 3);
// gridLayoutManager.setSpanSizeLookup(new GridLayoutManager.SpanSizeLookup() {
// @Override
// public int getSpanSize(int position) {
// if (position == 0){
// return 3;
// }
// return 1;
// }
// });
// recyclerView.setLayoutManager(gridLayoutManager);
// StaggeredGridLayoutManager staggeredGridLayoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3, StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
// recyclerView.setLayoutManager(staggeredGridLayoutManager);
}
@Override
public
void
OnRecyclerItemClick(RecyclerView parent, View view,
int
position, String data) {
Toast.makeText(
this
, data, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
adapter.remove(position);
}
}
在上面的Activity代碼中,可見,我們需要自己指定LayoutManager,代碼中用的是LinearLayoutMagener,你可以試試其他的。
再看看Adapter,有一個對大多數人來說很悲催的是,我們的ListView中一定會有的點擊事件,而RecyclerView並沒有提供這樣的方法,這些點擊事件都是需要我們自己學的,我這裡Adapter就簡單的實現了下,點擊就會刪除該Item。
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com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo;
import
android.content.Context;
import
android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import
android.view.LayoutInflater;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.view.ViewGroup;
import
android.widget.TextView;
import
java.util.List;
/**
* 自定義RecyclerView的Adapter
* Created by 南塵 on 16-7-15.
*/
public
class
MyAdapter
extends
RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder>
implements
View.OnClickListener {
private
Context context;
private
List<String> list;
private
OnRecyclerItemClickListener listener;
private
RecyclerView recyclerView;
public
void
setOnRecyclerItemClickListener(OnRecyclerItemClickListener listener) {
this
.listener = listener;
}
public
MyAdapter(Context context, List<String> list) {
this
.context = context;
this
.list = list;
}
//在為RecyclerView提供數據的時候調用
@Override
public
void
onAttachedToRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) {
super
.onAttachedToRecyclerView(recyclerView);
this
.recyclerView = recyclerView;
}
@Override
public
void
onDetachedFromRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) {
super
.onDetachedFromRecyclerView(recyclerView);
this
.recyclerView =
null
;
}
@Override
public
ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,
int
viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item,parent,
false
);
view.setOnClickListener(
this
);
return
new
ViewHolder(view);
}
@Override
public
void
onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder,
int
position) {
holder.text.setText(list.get(position));
}
@Override
public
int
getItemCount() {
return
list.size();
}
@Override
public
void
onClick(View v) {
if
(recyclerView !=
null
&& listener !=
null
){
int
position = recyclerView.getChildAdapterPosition(v);
listener.OnRecyclerItemClick(recyclerView,v,position,list.get(position));
}
}
/**
* 刪除指定數據
* @param position 數據位置
*/
public
void
remove(
int
position){
list.remove(position);
// notifyDataSetChanged();
notifyItemRemoved(position);
//這樣就只會刪除這一條數據,而不會一直刷
}
/**
* 插入數據
* @param position 插入位置
* @param data 插入的數據
*/
public
void
insert(
int
position,String data){
list.add(position,data);
notifyItemInserted(position);
}
public
static
class
ViewHolder
extends
RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
private
final
TextView text;
public
ViewHolder(View itemView) {
super
(itemView);
text = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.item_text);
}
}
/**
* 自定義RecyclerView的點擊事件
*/
interface
OnRecyclerItemClickListener{
void
OnRecyclerItemClick(RecyclerView parent,View view,
int
position,String data);
}
}
繼承這個Adapter需要指定一個ViewHolder的泛型,當然這個ViewHolder通常是由我們作為一個靜態類自己寫的。其他這個就像我們之前ListView中的BaseAdapter一樣。
自己還可以實現其他的點擊事件。
下面看下Xml,第一個是主布局,第二個是每一個項的布局,我這裡就簡單只實現一個TextView了。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15<?xml version=
"1.0"
encoding=
"utf-8"
?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools=
"http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:app=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:layout_height=
"match_parent"
tools:context=
"com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo.MainActivity"
>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:layout_height=
"match_parent"
android:id=
"@+id/main_recycler"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
<?xml version=
"1.0"
encoding=
"utf-8"
?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:orientation=
"vertical"
>
<TextView
android:id=
"@+id/item_text"
android:textSize=
"30sp"
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:layout_height=
"match_parent"
/>
</LinearLayout>
這樣運行出來你估計就會看到沒有分割線,那麼分割線怎麼弄呢,看下文檔,需要我們自己去寫,這個網上有很多。
上一個我看到過很多次的。
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com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo;
import
android.content.Context;
import
android.content.res.TypedArray;
import
android.graphics.Canvas;
import
android.graphics.Rect;
import
android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import
android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import
android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import
android.view.View;
/**
* Created by 南塵 on 16-7-15.
*/
public
class
MyDividerItemDecoration
extends
RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {
private
static
final
int
[] ATTRS =
new
int
[]{
android.R.attr. listDivider
};
public
static
final
int
HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL;
public
static
final
int
VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL;
private
Drawable mDivider;
private
int
mOrientation;
public
MyDividerItemDecoration(Context context,
int
orientation) {
final
TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS );
mDivider = a.getDrawable(
0
);
a.recycle();
setOrientation(orientation);
}
public
void
setOrientation(
int
orientation) {
if
(orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST) {
throw
new
IllegalArgumentException(
"invalid orientation"
);
}
mOrientation = orientation;
}
@Override
public
void
onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
if
(mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
drawVertical(c, parent);
}
else
{
drawHorizontal(c, parent);
}
}
public
void
drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
final
int
left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
final
int
right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();
final
int
childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < childCount; i++) {
final
View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
final
RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
.getLayoutParams();
final
int
top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
final
int
bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(c);
}
}
public
void
drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
final
int
top = parent.getPaddingTop();
final
int
bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();
final
int
childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < childCount; i++) {
final
View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
final
RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
.getLayoutParams();
final
int
left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
final
int
right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(c);
}
}
@Override
public
void
getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
super
.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
if
(mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
outRect.set(
0
,
0
,
0
, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
}
else
{
outRect.set(
0
,
0
, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(),
0
);
}
}
}
這樣使用的是系統的分割線。
這樣在Style中可以自己更改。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14<resources>
<!-- Base application theme. -->
<style name=
"AppTheme"
parent=
"Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar"
>
<!-- Customize your theme here. -->
<item name=
"colorPrimary"
>
@color
/colorPrimary</item>
<item name=
"colorPrimaryDark"
>
@color
/colorPrimaryDark</item>
<item name=
"colorAccent"
>
@color
/colorAccent</item>
<item name=
"android:listDivider"
>
@drawable
/divider_bg</item>
</style>
</resources>
自定義一個Drawble
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12<?xml version=
"1.0"
encoding=
"utf-8"
?>
<shape xmlns:android=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:shape=
"rectangle"
>
<gradient
android:centerColor=
"#ff00ff00"
android:endColor=
"#ff0000ff"
android:startColor=
"#ffff0000"
android:type=
"linear"
/>
<size android:height=
"4dp"
/>
</shape>
別忘了去把之前我給的MainActivity.java中把分割線那句代碼解去注釋。
1 2//增加分割線
recyclerView.addItemDecoration(
new
MyDividerItemDecoration(
this
,MyDividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST));
最後上一波簡單的運行圖吧。
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