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 Android教程網 >> Android技術 >> Android開發 >> 關於android開發 >> AIDL使用解析,aidl解析

AIDL使用解析,aidl解析

編輯:關於android開發

AIDL使用解析,aidl解析


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之前面試的時候被問到這個問題,然而當時只有一個大致的印象,隨GG,於是我就重新整理的一下。這裡大力推薦《Android開發藝術探索》這本書,寫的太好了!

1.AIDL

AIDL(Android Interface Define Language) 是IPC進程間通信方式的一種.用於生成可以在Android設備上兩個進程之間進行進程間通信(interprocess communication, IPC)的代碼.

2.AIDL和Messenger的區別:

3.使用AIDL的步驟:

下面一個簡單的例子來說明AIDL的使用:假設一個情景我們需要計算a+b,我們需要在客戶端傳遞兩個參數a和b,然後將參數傳遞給服務端(另一個進程)來進行計算,計算結果傳遞給客戶端。

目錄結構

1. 新建一個項目作為服務端,在項目中新建AIDL文件。這裡我命名為:IImoocAIDL.aidl

// IImoocAIDL.aidl
package com.mecury.aidltest;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
interface IImoocAIDL {    
    //計算num1 + num2    
    int add(int num1,int num2);
}

點擊同步按鈕(一定要先同步),查看是否生成IImoocAIDL文件。

aidl的生成.gif


生成的文件如下,我寫了詳細的注釋,相信你能夠看懂:

生成的AIDL文件#IImoocAIDL.java:

這裡來說一下AIDL通信的原理:首 先看這個文件有一個叫做proxy的類,這是一個代理類,這個類運行在客戶端中,其實AIDL實現的進程間的通信並不是直接的通信,客戶端和服務端都是通 過proxy來進行通信的:客戶端調用的方法實際是調用是proxy中的方法,然後proxy通過和服務端通信將返回的結果返回給客戶端。


package com.mecury.aidltest;


public interface IImoocAIDL extends android.os.IInterface {
    
    public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.mecury.aidltest.IImoocAIDL {
        private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.mecury.aidltest.IImoocAIDL"; 

        
        public Stub() {
            this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
        }

        
        
        
        public static com.mecury.aidltest.IImoocAIDL asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
            if ((obj == null)) {
                return null;
            }
            android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
            if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.mecury.aidltest.IImoocAIDL))) {
                return ((com.mecury.aidltest.IImoocAIDL) iin);
            }
            return new com.mecury.aidltest.IImoocAIDL.Stub.Proxy(obj);
        }
        
        @Override
        public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
            return this;
        }

        
        @Override
        public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
            switch (code) {
                case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
                    reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_add: {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    
                    int _arg0;
                    _arg0 = data.readInt();
                    int _arg1;
                    _arg1 = data.readInt();
                    
                    int _result = this.add(_arg0, _arg1);
                    
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    reply.writeInt(_result);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); 
        }

        
        private static class Proxy implements com.mecury.aidltest.IImoocAIDL {
            private android.os.IBinder mRemote; 

            Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
                mRemote = remote;
            }
            
            @Override
            public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
                return mRemote;
            } 

            public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
                return DESCRIPTOR;
            }

            
            @Override
            public int add(int num1, int num2) throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                int _result;
                try {
                    
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    _data.writeInt(num1);
                    _data.writeInt(num2);
                    
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_add, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                    _result = _reply.readInt();
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
                return _result;
            }
        }
        
        static final int TRANSACTION_add = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
    }

    
    public int add(int num1, int num2) throws android.os.RemoteException;
}

代碼中的幾個方法:
DESCRIPTION
Binderd的唯一標識,一般用當前的類名表示。
asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj)
用於將服務端的Binder對象轉換為客戶端需要的AIDL接口類型的對象,轉換區分進程,客戶端服務端位於同一進程,返回服務端的 //Stub對象本身;否則返回的是系統的封裝後的Stub.proxy對象。
asBInder
返回Binder對象
onTransact
此方法運行在服務端中的Binder線程池中,當客戶端發起跨進程請求時,遠程請求會通過系統底層封裝後交由此方法處理。
Proxy#add
此 方法運行在客戶端,當客戶端遠程調用此方法時,它的內部實現是這樣的:首先創建該方法所需要的輸入型Parcel對象_data、輸出型Parcel對象 _reple和返回值對象_result,然後將該方法的參數信息寫入_data中;接著調用transact方法來發RPC請求,同時當前線程掛起;然 後服務端的onTransact方法會被調用,直到RPC過程返回後,當前線程繼續執行,並從_reply中取出RPC過程返回的結果,寫入 _result中。

2.新建一個客戶端File-》new--》new module--》phone & table module。這裡我的命名為aidlclient.java
同樣要在客戶端創建AIDL文件,裡面的包名和所在位置要求完全一樣。

3.在服務端創建一個Service用來監聽客戶端的連接請求。

public class IRemoteService extends Service {

    
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return iBinder;
    }

    private IBinder iBinder = new IImoocAIDL.Stub(){

        @Override
        public int add(int num1, int num2) throws RemoteException {
            Log.e("TAG","收到了來自客戶端的請求" + num1 + "+" + num2 );
            return num1 + num2;
        }
    };
}

最後,別忘記在AndroidManifest.xml中注冊該Service。

<service android:name=".IRemoteService"
            android:process=":remote"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.mecury.aidltest.IRomoteService"/>
            </intent-filter>
</service>

4.客戶端的編寫
activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/num1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="+"/>
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/num2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="="/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/text"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="30dp" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="計算"/>
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

package com.mecury.aidlclient;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.mecury.aidltest.IImoocAIDL;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private EditText num1;
    private EditText num2;
    private Button button;
    private TextView text;

    private IImoocAIDL iImoocAIDL;

    private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {

        
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            iImoocAIDL = IImoocAIDL.Stub.asInterface(service);
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            iImoocAIDL = null;
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        bindService();
        initView();

    }

    private void initView() {
        num1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.num1);
        num2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.num2);
        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        text = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text);

        button.setOnClickListener(this);
    }


    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        int num11 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText().toString());
        int num22 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText().toString());

        try {
            int res = iImoocAIDL.add(num11,num22);
            text.setText(num11 +"+"+ num22 +"="+ res);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void bindService() {

        Intent intent = new Intent();
        
        intent.setAction("com.mecury.aidltest.IRomoteService");
        
        intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.mecury.aidltest","com.mecury.aidltest.IRemoteService"));
        
        bindService(intent,conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unbindService(conn);
    }
}

5.運行代碼
先啟動服務端,在啟動客戶端。

結果.gif

小結:看完上面,是不是已經對於AIDL的用法有個大概的了解。下面來看一個更為復雜的例子,這是《android開發藝術探索》中的例子: 建立一個圖書管理,能夠添加圖書、得到圖書列表、使用觀察者模式、當新書到達時通知所有觀察者。

4.AIDL高級示例

1.先看Book.java。需要注意的是,AIDL能夠傳輸的數據類型有限制,這裡必須將book序列化才能夠使用,同時Book類在客戶端和服務端都要這樣定義

Book.java
public class Book implements Parcelable {
    public int bookId;
    public String bookName;

    public Book(int bookId, String bookName) {
        this.bookId = bookId;
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeInt(bookId);
        dest.writeString(bookName);
    }

    protected Book(Parcel in) {
        bookId = in.readInt();
        bookName = in.readString();
    }

    public static final Creator<Book> CREATOR = new Creator<Book>() {
        @Override
        public Book createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new Book(in);
        }

        @Override
        public Book[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Book[size];
        }
    };

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return bookId + ":" + bookName;
    }
}

2.AIDL文件

Book.aidl
package com.mecury.aidltest2;
parcelable Book;
IOnNewBookArrivedListener.aidl
package com.mecury.aidltest2;

import com.mecury.aidltest2.book;
interface IOnNewBookArrivedListener {
     void OnNewBookArrivedListener(in Book book);
}
IBookManager.aidl
package com.mecury.aidltest2;

import com.mecury.aidltest2.book;
import com.mecury.aidltest2.IOnNewBookArrivedListener;

interface IBookManager {
    List<Book> getBookList();
    void addBook(in Book book);
    void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);
    void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);
}

3.服務端

BookManagerService.java
public class BookManagerService extends Service {

    private static final String TAG = "BMS";

    private AtomicBoolean mIsServiceDestoryed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
    private CopyOnWriteArrayList<Book> mBookList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Book>();
    private RemoteCallbackList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener> mListeners = new RemoteCallbackList<>();

    
    private Binder mBinder = new IBookManager.Stub(){

        @Override
        public List<Book> getBookList() throws RemoteException {
            return mBookList;
        }

        @Override
        public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException {
            mBookList.add(book);
        }

        @Override
        public void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener) throws RemoteException {
            mListeners.register(listener);
        }

        @Override
        public void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener) throws RemoteException {
            mListeners.unregister(listener);
        }
    };

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        mBookList.add(new Book(1,"Android"));
        mBookList.add(new Book(2, "Ios"));
        new Thread(new serviceWork()).start();
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }
    
    private void onNewBookArrived(Book book) throws RemoteException {
        mBookList.add(book);
        final int N = mListeners.beginBroadcast();
        Log.e("onNewBookArrived","registener listener size:" + N);
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){
            IOnNewBookArrivedListener l = mListeners.getBroadcastItem(i);
            if (l!=null){
                l.OnNewBookArrivedListener(book);
            }
        }
        mListeners.finishBroadcast();
    }
    
    private class serviceWork implements Runnable{

        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (!mIsServiceDestoryed.get()){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(5000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                int bookId = mBookList.size() + 1;
                Book newBook = new Book(bookId,"new Book #" + bookId);

                try {
                    onNewBookArrived(newBook);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mIsServiceDestoryed.set(true);
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}
在裡面我們發現幾處特殊的地方
1.CopyOnWriteArrayList:支持並發的讀寫,這裡我們使用它來進行自動的線程同步
2.RemoteCallBackList:是系統專門提供的用於刪除跨進程listener的接口。它的工作原理其實很簡單:在它的內部有一個Map結構專門用來保存所有AIDL回調ArrayMap<IBinder, Callback> mCallback = new ArrayMap<IBinder, Callback>();,當客戶端注冊listener時,會把listener的信息注冊到mCallBack中,其中key和value通過下面方式獲得:IBinder key = listener.asBinder();Callback value = new Callback(listener, cookie)。另外一點我們需要知道:對 象是不能跨進程傳輸的,對象的跨進程傳輸過程實際是反序列化的過程,這是我們Book類為什麼要實現Parcelable接口的原因。在跨進程傳輸 中,Binder會把客戶端傳遞的對象重新轉化並生成另一對象,當我們注冊和解注冊的過程中使用的是同一個客戶端對象,但是通過Binder傳遞到服務端 卻生成了兩個不同的對象。而RemoteCallBackList就是用來解決這個問題的,雖然所多次跨進程傳輸客戶端的同一個對象會在服務端 生成不同的對象,但在這些新生成的對象都有一個共同點,那就是他們底層的Binder對象是同一個,利用這個,就可以實現上面無法實現的功能。當客戶端解 注冊時,我們只要遍歷所有的listener,找出那個和解注冊listener具有相同Binder對象服務器listener並把他刪除掉即可,這就 是RemoteCallbackList為我們做的事情。(對於這個看不明白的,可以看看《android 開發藝術探索》)

4.客戶端:

MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = "BookManagerActivity";
    private IBookManager bookManager;
    private static final int MESSAGE_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED = 1;

    private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what){
                case MESSAGE_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED:
                    Log.e(TAG, "received new book:" + msg.obj);
                    break;
                default:
                    super.handleMessage(msg);
            }

        }
    };

    private ServiceConnection mService = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            bookManager = IBookManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
            try {
                List<Book> list = bookManager.getBookList();
                Log.e(TAG, "query book list,list type:" + list.getClass().getCanonicalName());
                Log.e(TAG, "query book list:" + list.toString());
                Book newBook = new Book(3, "android進階");
                bookManager.addBook(newBook);
                Log.e(TAG, "add book:" + newBook);
                List<Book> newList =  bookManager.getBookList();
                Log.e(TAG, "query book list:" + newList.toString());
                bookManager.registerListener(mNewBookArrivedListener);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            bookManager = null;
            Log.e(TAG, "binder died.");
        }
    };

    private IOnNewBookArrivedListener mNewBookArrivedListener = new IOnNewBookArrivedListener.Stub() {
        @Override
        public void OnNewBookArrivedListener(Book book) throws RemoteException {
            mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED, book).sendToTarget();
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        bindService();

    }

    private void bindService() {
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction("com.mecury.aidltest2.BookManagerService");
        intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.mecury.aidltest2", "com.mecury.aidltest2.BookManagerService"));
        bindService(intent, mService, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        if (bookManager != null && bookManager.asBinder().isBinderAlive()){
            Log.e(TAG, "unregister listener:" + mNewBookArrivedListener);
            try {
                bookManager.unregisterListener(mNewBookArrivedListener);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        unbindService(mService);
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

目錄結構:


目錄

運行結果:

客戶端log:

06-29 22:52:29.438 17007-17007/com.mecury.client E/BookManagerActivity: query book list,list type:java.util.ArrayList
06-29 22:52:29.438 17007-17007/com.mecury.client E/BookManagerActivity: query book list:[1:Android, 2:Ios]
06-29 22:52:29.439 17007-17007/com.mecury.client E/BookManagerActivity: add book:3:android進階
06-29 22:52:29.439 17007-17007/com.mecury.client E/BookManagerActivity: query book list:[1:Android, 2:Ios, 3:android進階]
06-29 22:52:33.487 17007-17007/com.mecury.client E/BookManagerActivity: received new book:4:new Book #4
06-29 22:52:38.489 17007-17007/com.mecury.client E/BookManagerActivity: received new book:5:new Book #5
06-29 22:52:43.491 17007-17007/com.mecury.client E/BookManagerActivity: received new book:6:new Book #6
06-29 22:52:48.503 17007-17007/com.mecury.client E/BookManagerActivity: received new book:7:new Book #7

服務端log:

06-29 22:52:33.487 17027-17044/com.mecury.aidltest2:remote E/onNewBookArrived: registener listener size:1
06-29 22:52:38.488 17027-17044/com.mecury.aidltest2:remote E/onNewBookArrived: registener listener size:1
06-29 22:52:43.490 17027-17044/com.mecury.aidltest2:remote E/onNewBookArrived: registener listener size:1
06-29 22:52:48.492 17027-17044/com.mecury.aidltest2:remote E/onNewBookArrived: registener listener size:1

5.一些補充

AIDL支持的數據類型
  • 基本數據類型(int、long、char 等)
  • String 和 CharSequence
  • List:只支持ArrayList,裡面的每個元素都必須被AIDL支持。
  • Map: 只支持HashMap, 裡面的每個元素都必須被AIDL支持。
  • Parcelable: 所有實現了Parcelable接口的對象
  • AIDL: 所有的AIDL接口本身也可以在AIDL文件中使用

參考:
1.《android開發藝術探索》

 

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