編輯:關於android開發
Android service對於從事android開發的人都不是一個陌生的東西,很多人可能會覺得服務很簡單。服務是簡單,因為復雜的別人做了,所以才會覺得簡單。我們先梳理一下服務的分類,首先有本地服務跟系統服務的區分,而在APP裡寫的服務大多就成為Java服務或者應用服務。
做APP的人寫個應用服務相對來說是最簡單的,因為extends了一個service後幾個簡單的接口就可以跑起來了,寫完這種服務可能也只是對服務一知半解,因為值錢的service類Google的人已經幫你寫好了,這是你的福氣為你帶來了便利,當然也可能會麻痺你:),但是做APP的人會有能解決問題是首要任務了,有時間還是對它了解更清楚點比較好,在此不再討論這個。
做設備做系統的人,經常可能會去寫系統服務,也就是framework下面的服務,systemserver裡面注冊的服務,寫這種服務一般來說比較少,只有做設備系統的才會這樣干,才有機會有完成的系統代碼,可以在裡面自由遨游,筆者三年前寫過一個,可以看看【自己動手從零開始寫一個完整的android Service】
那剩下的一個是本地服務,也就是native service,這種服務我們了解的系統裡面多媒體、audio system都是寫成了本地服務,這樣寫的好處就是運行的效率更高一點,因為C/C++先天性就比JAVA的運行效率要高一點。筆者就是由於長期主要從事的都是底層開發的,我們有時有這麼一種需求,又要運行效率高,又要好移植,主要是考慮推廣寫東西給廣大客戶,那麼我就寫一個本地服務,這樣是最獨立的了,效率也最高了,那一個本地服務到底怎麼寫呢?大多數的人寫過的服務以java服務居多,真正寫本地服務的不多,本地服務相對來說又是更復雜一點的。因此決定從零開始自己動手寫一個本地service,下面就大概描述一下過程。
本地服務有四大塊,服務接口(IService),服務代理(也就是BpService),服務stub(也就是BnService),服務實體(Service);下面筆者的實例就以demoNativeService來開啟,力求簡單,裡面就寫了兩個接口;
首先定義好服務接口IdemoNativeService,IdemoNativeService服務接口的父類是IInterface,在裡面主要是要聲明一下接口,在DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(demoNativeService),代碼如下:
class IdemoNativeService : public IInterface { public: enum { CONNECT = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION, PRINTSTRING_CMD, }; public: DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(demoNativeService); virtual status_t connect(int pid,int previewhw,int intf,int fmt,int chan) = 0; virtual status_t printString(const char *str) = 0; };
當然定義好了IdemoNativeService的頭文件,就需要去實操了,先來搞定BpdemoNativeService,它的父類是BpInterface
class BpdemoNativeService: public BpInterface{ public: BpdemoNativeService(const sp & impl) : BpInterface (impl) { } virtual status_t connect(int pid,int previewhw,int intf,int fmt,int chan) { Parcel data, reply; data.writeInterfaceToken(IdemoNativeService::getInterfaceDescriptor()); data.writeInt32(pid); data.writeInt32(previewhw); data.writeInt32(intf); data.writeInt32(fmt); data.writeInt32(chan); remote()->transact(IdemoNativeService::CONNECT, data, &reply); return reply.readInt32(); } virtual status_t printString(const char *str) { Parcel data, reply; data.writeInterfaceToken(IdemoNativeService::getInterfaceDescriptor()); data.writeCString(str); remote()->transact(IdemoNativeService::PRINTSTRING_CMD, data, &reply); return reply.readInt32(); } }; IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(demoNativeService, "android.hardware.IdemoNativeService");//android.hardware.IdemoNativeService ds.demonativeservice
接著需要寫服務stub了,BndemoNativeService的父類是BnInterface
class BndemoNativeService: public BnInterface{ public: virtual status_t onTransact( uint32_t code,const Parcel& data,Parcel* reply,uint32_t flags = 0); }; status_t BndemoNativeService::onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) { switch(code) { /*case CONNECT: { CHECK_INTERFACE(IdemoNativeService, data, reply); int pid = data.readInt32(); int previewhw = data.readInt32(); int intf = data.readInt32(); int fmt = data.readInt32(); int chan = data.readInt32(); reply->writeInt32(connect(pid,previewhw,intf,fmt,chan)); return NO_ERROR; }break; case PRINTSTRING_CMD: { CHECK_INTERFACE(IdemoNativeService, data, reply); const char *str; str = data.readCString(); reply->writeInt32(printString(str)); return NO_ERROR; }break;*/ default: return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); } }
到這就輪到了大塊頭service實體demoNativeService了,demoNativeService是基於BndemoNativeService,在demoNativeService裡面定義了一個instantiate()接口用於添加service到servicemanager裡面去,注意demoNativeService()跟析構函數~demoNativeService()需要寫成private的,免得別人可以new出對象來。在裡面重寫了onTransact,一旦BpdemoNativeService有風吹草動,就會聯動到BndemoNativeService,因為服務實體重寫了onTransact,所以實際就會先執行到demoNativeService::onTransact這裡來,在這裡面處理不了,可以再轉給BpdemoNativeService的onTransact或者直接到BBinder的onTransact;
void demoNativeService::instantiate() { android::defaultServiceManager()->addService( IdemoNativeService::descriptor, new demoNativeService()); } demoNativeService::demoNativeService() { ALOGE("demoNativeService created"); mOpened = 1; } demoNativeService::~demoNativeService() { ALOGE("demoNativeService destroyed"); } status_t demoNativeService::connect(int pid,int previewhw,int intf,int fmt,int chan){ ALOGD("demoNativeService connect:%d, %d, %d, %d, %d", pid, previewhw, intf, fmt, chan); return 88; } status_t demoNativeService::printString(const char *str){ ALOGD("demoNativeService printString:%s", str); return 66; } #if 1 status_t demoNativeService::onTransact(uint32_t code, const android::Parcel &data, android::Parcel *reply, uint32_t flags) { ALOGD("OnTransact(%u,%u)", code, flags); switch(code) { case CONNECT: { CHECK_INTERFACE(IdemoNativeService, data, reply); int pid = data.readInt32(); int previewhw = data.readInt32(); int intf = data.readInt32(); int fmt = data.readInt32(); int chan = data.readInt32(); ALOGD("CONNECT: %d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", pid,previewhw,intf,fmt,chan); reply->writeInt32(connect(pid,previewhw,intf,fmt,chan)); return NO_ERROR; }break; case PRINTSTRING_CMD: { CHECK_INTERFACE(IdemoNativeService, data, reply); const char *str; str = data.readCString(); ALOGD("PrintString: %s\n", str); ALOGD("printString: %s\n", str); reply->writeInt32(printString(str)); return NO_ERROR; } break; default: return BndemoNativeService::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); } return NO_ERROR; } #endif
寫完了服務,那我們就再寫一個可執行文件來生成一下,裡面startThreadPool生成線程池,然後再調用joinThreadPool來監聽變化;
spproc(ProcessState::self()); sp sm = defaultServiceManager(); // ALOGI("ServiceManager: %p", sm.get()); demoNativeService::instantiate(); ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool(); IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
寫到這,可以說服務已經可以跑起來了,那我們怎麼驗證呢,最快的辦法還是寫一個可執行文件去測一下它的接口,看通沒通就知道了;
int ret= -1; int pid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid(); ALOGI("demoNativeService client is now starting, pid=%d", pid); android::sp sm = android::defaultServiceManager(); android::sp binder; android::spshw; do { binder = sm->getService(android::String16("ds.demonativeservice")); if (binder != 0) break; ALOGW("IdemoNativeService not published, waiting..."); usleep(500000); } while(true); ALOGI("IdemoNativeService client is now trying"); shw = android::interface_cast (binder); ret = shw->printString("Good man desheng"); ALOGI("demoNativeService client printString, ret=%d", ret); ret = shw->connect(pid,1, 2, 3, 4); ALOGI("demoNativeService client connect, ret=%d", ret);
下面就是筆者測試的打印,如下:
# dem demoNativeServiceclient demoNativeServiceserver # demoNativeServiceserver & [2] 2332 # --------- beginning of /dev/log/main 02-19 17:10:57.890 E/HelloWorldService( 2332): demoNativeService created # # dem demoNativeServiceclient demoNativeServiceserver # demoNativeServiceclient 02-19 17:11:02.520 I/demoNativeService/Service( 2334): demoNativeService client is now starting, pid=2334 02-19 17:11:02.520 I/demoNativeService/Service( 2334): IdemoNativeService client is now trying 02-19 17:11:02.520 D/HelloWorldService( 2332): OnTransact(2,16) 02-19 17:11:02.520 D/HelloWorldService( 2332): PrintString: Good man desheng 02-19 17:11:02.520 D/HelloWorldService( 2332): printString: Good man desheng 02-19 17:11:02.520 D/HelloWorldService( 2332): demoNativeService printString:Good man desheng 02-19 17:11:02.520 I/demoNativeService/Service( 2334): demoNativeService client printString, ret=66 02-19 17:11:02.520 D/HelloWorldService( 2332): OnTransact(1,16) 02-19 17:11:02.520 D/HelloWorldService( 2332): CONNECT: 2334, 1, 2, 3, 4 02-19 17:11:02.520 D/HelloWorldService( 2332): demoNativeService connect:2334, 1, 2, 3, 4 02-19 17:11:02.520 I/demoNativeService/Service( 2334): demoNativeService client connect, ret=88 02-19 17:11:02.520 I/demoNativeService/Service( 2334): Hello client is now exiting # # 02-19 17:11:07.540 D/InitAlarmsService( 2259): Clearing and rescheduling alarms. # service list Found 78 services: 0 ds.demonativeservice: [android.hardware.IdemoNativeService] 1 phone: [com.android.internal.telephony.ITelephony] 2 iphonesubinfo: [com.android.internal.telephony.IPhoneSubInfo] 3 simphonebook: [com.android.internal.telephony.IIccPhoneBook] 4 isms: [com.android.internal.telephony.ISms] 5 jeavoxmiddleware: [android.jeavox.IMiddleWareService]
寫到這,如果要給應用調用的話,還需要寫Client,JNI,JNI及以上在此不再討論了,我們就簡易來看看client怎麼處理吧,其實有點類似上面那個可執行文件的寫法,這裡可能就是有一個對象的概念,可以保持,大概如下:
demoNativeServiceClient::demoNativeServiceClient() { spsm = defaultServiceManager(); sp binder = sm->getService(String16("ds.demonativeservice")); mdemoNativeService = interface_cast (binder); } demoNativeServiceClient::~demoNativeServiceClient() { mdemoNativeService = NULL; } int32_t demoNativeServiceClient::connect(int previewhw,int intf,int fmt,int chan) { return mdemoNativeService->connect(getCallingPid(),previewhw,intf,fmt,chan); } int32_t demoNativeServiceClient::printString(const char *str) { return mdemoNativeService->printString(str); }
羅哩羅嗦寫了這麼多,請大家拍磚,輕拍一下:)
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