編輯:關於android開發
listview加載的核心是其adapter,本文針對listview加載的性能優化就是對adpter的優化,總共分四個層次:
0、最原始的加載
1、利用convertView
2、利用ViewHolder
3、實現局部刷新
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〇、最原始的加載
這裡是不經任何優化的adapter,為了看起來方便,把listview的數據直接在構造函數裡傳給adapter了,代碼如下:
1 private class AdapterOptmL0 extends BaseAdapter { 2 private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater; 3 private ArrayList<Integer> mListData; 4 5 public AdapterOptmL0(Context context, ArrayList<Integer> data) { 6 mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); 7 mListData = data; 8 } 9 10 @Override 11 public int getCount() { 12 return mListData == null ? 0 : mListData.size(); 13 } 14 15 @Override 16 public Object getItem(int position) { 17 return mListData == null ? 0 : mListData.get(position); 18 } 19 20 @Override 21 public long getItemId(int position) { 22 return position; 23 } 24 25 @Override 26 public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { 27 View viewRoot = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.listitem, parent, false); 28 if (viewRoot != null) { 29 TextView txt = (TextView)viewRoot.findViewById(R.id.listitem_txt); 30 txt.setText(getItem(position) + ""); 31 } 32 return viewRoot; 33 } 34 }
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一、利用convertView
上述代碼的第27行在Eclipse中已經提示警告:
Unconditional layout inflation from view adapter: Should use View Holder pattern (use recycled view passed into this method as the second parameter) for smoother scrolling
這個意思就是說,被移出可視區域的view是可以回收復用的,它作為getview的第二個參數已經傳進來了,所以沒必要每次都從xml裡inflate。
經過優化後的代碼如下:
1 @Override 2 public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { 3 if (convertView == null) { 4 convertView = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.listitem, parent, false); 5 } 6 if (convertView != null) { 7 TextView txt = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.listitem_txt); 8 txt.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 9 txt.setText(getItem(position) + ""); 10 } 11 return convertView; 12 }
上述代碼加了判斷,如果傳入的convertView不為null,則直接復用,否則才會從xml裡inflate。
按照上述代碼,如果手機一屏最多同時顯示5個listitem,則最多需要從xml裡inflate 5 次,比AdapterOptmL0中每個listitem都需要inflate顯然效率高多了。
上述的用法雖然提高了效率,但帶來了一個陷阱,如果復用convertView,則需要重置該view所有可能被修改過的屬性。
舉個例子:
如果第一個view中的textview在getview中被設置成INVISIBLE了,而現在第一個view在滾動過程中出可視區域,並假設它作為參數傳入第十個view的getview而被復用
那麼,在第十個view的getview裡面不僅要setText,還要重新setVisibility,因為這個被復用的view當前處於INVISIBLE狀態!
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二、利用ViewHolder
從AdapterOptmL0第27行的警告中,我們還可以看到編譯器推薦了一種模型叫ViewHolder,這是個什麼東西呢,先看代碼:
1 private class AdapterOptmL2 extends BaseAdapter { 2 private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater; 3 private ArrayList<Integer> mListData; 4 5 public AdapterOptmL2(Context context, ArrayList<Integer> data) { 6 mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); 7 mListData = data; 8 } 9 10 private class ViewHolder { 11 public ViewHolder(View viewRoot) { 12 txt = (TextView)viewRoot.findViewById(R.id.listitem_txt); 13 } 14 public TextView txt; 15 } 16 17 @Override 18 public int getCount() { 19 return mListData == null ? 0 : mListData.size(); 20 } 21 22 @Override 23 public Object getItem(int position) { 24 return mListData == null ? 0 : mListData.get(position); 25 } 26 27 @Override 28 public long getItemId(int position) { 29 return position; 30 } 31 32 @Override 33 public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { 34 if (convertView == null) { 35 convertView = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.listitem, parent, false); 36 ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(convertView); 37 convertView.setTag(holder); 38 } 39 if (convertView != null && convertView.getTag() instanceof ViewHolder) { 40 ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); 41 holder.txt.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 42 holder.txt.setText(getItem(position) + ""); 43 } 44 return convertView; 45 } 46 }
從代碼中可以看到,這一步做的優化是用一個類ViewHolder來保存listitem裡面所有找到的子控件,這樣就不用每次都通過耗時的findViewById操作了。
這一步的優化,在listitem布局越復雜的時候效果越為明顯。
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三、實現局部刷新
OK,到目前為止,listview普遍需要的優化已經做的差不多了,那就該考慮實際使用場景中的優化需求了。
實際使用listview過程中,通常會在後台更新listview的數據,然後調用Adatper的notifyDataSetChanged方法來更新listview的UI。
那麼問題來了,一般情況下,一次只會更新listview的一條/幾條數據,而調用notifyDataSetChanged方法則會把所有可視范圍內的listitem都刷新一遍,這是不科學的!
所以,進一步優化的空間在於,局部刷新listview,話不多說見代碼:
private class AdapterOptmL3 extends BaseAdapter { private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater; private ListView mListView; private ArrayList<Integer> mListData; public AdapterOptmL3(Context context, ListView listview, ArrayList<Integer> data) { mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); mListView = listview; mListData = data; } private class ViewHolder { public ViewHolder(View viewRoot) { txt = (TextView)viewRoot.findViewById(R.id.listitem_txt); } public TextView txt; } @Override public int getCount() { return mListData == null ? 0 : mListData.size(); } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { return mListData == null ? 0 : mListData.get(position); } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { if (convertView == null) { convertView = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.listitem, parent, false); ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(convertView); convertView.setTag(holder); } if (convertView != null && convertView.getTag() instanceof ViewHolder) { updateView((ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(), (Integer)getItem(position)); } return convertView; } public void updateView(ViewHolder holder, Integer data) { if (holder != null && data != null) { holder.txt.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); holder.txt.setText(data + ""); } } public void notifyDataSetChanged(int position) { final int firstVisiablePosition = mListView.getFirstVisiblePosition(); final int lastVisiablePosition = mListView.getLastVisiblePosition(); final int relativePosition = position - firstVisiablePosition; if (position >= firstVisiablePosition && position <= lastVisiablePosition) { updateView((ViewHolder)mListView.getChildAt(relativePosition).getTag(), (Integer)getItem(position)); } else { //不在可視范圍內的listitem不需要手動刷新,等其可見時會通過getView自動刷新 } } }
修改後的Adapter新增了一個方法 public void notifyDataSetChanged(int position) 可以根據position只更新指定的listitem。
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局部刷新番外篇
在局部刷新數據的接口中,實際上還可以再干點事情:listview正在滾動的時候不去刷新。
具體的思路是,如果當前正在滾動,則記住一個pending任務,等listview停止滾動的時候再去刷,這樣不會造成滾動的時候刷新錯亂。代碼如下:
1 private class AdapterOptmL3Plus extends BaseAdapter implements OnScrollListener{ 2 private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater; 3 private ListView mListView; 4 private ArrayList<Integer> mListData; 5 6 private int mScrollState = SCROLL_STATE_IDLE; 7 private List<Runnable> mPendingNotify = new ArrayList<Runnable>(); 8 9 public AdapterOptmL3Plus(Context context, ListView listview, ArrayList<Integer> data) { 10 mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); 11 mListView = listview; 12 mListData = data; 13 mListView.setOnScrollListener(this); 14 } 15 16 private class ViewHolder { 17 public ViewHolder(View viewRoot) { 18 txt = (TextView)viewRoot.findViewById(R.id.listitem_txt); 19 } 20 public TextView txt; 21 } 22 23 @Override 24 public int getCount() { 25 return mListData == null ? 0 : mListData.size(); 26 } 27 28 @Override 29 public Object getItem(int position) { 30 return mListData == null ? 0 : mListData.get(position); 31 } 32 33 @Override 34 public long getItemId(int position) { 35 return position; 36 } 37 38 @Override 39 public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { 40 if (convertView == null) { 41 convertView = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.listitem, parent, false); 42 ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(convertView); 43 convertView.setTag(holder); 44 } 45 if (convertView != null && convertView.getTag() instanceof ViewHolder) { 46 updateView((ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(), (Integer)getItem(position)); 47 } 48 return convertView; 49 } 50 51 public void updateView(ViewHolder holder, Integer data) { 52 if (holder != null && data != null) { 53 holder.txt.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 54 holder.txt.setText(data + ""); 55 } 56 } 57 58 public void notifyDataSetChanged(final int position) { 59 final Runnable runnable = new Runnable() { 60 @Override 61 public void run() { 62 final int firstVisiablePosition = mListView.getFirstVisiblePosition(); 63 final int lastVisiablePosition = mListView.getLastVisiblePosition(); 64 final int relativePosition = position - firstVisiablePosition; 65 if (position >= firstVisiablePosition && position <= lastVisiablePosition) { 66 if (mScrollState == SCROLL_STATE_IDLE) { 67 //當前不在滾動,立刻刷新 68 Log.d("Snser", "notifyDataSetChanged position=" + position + " update now"); 69 updateView((ViewHolder)mListView.getChildAt(relativePosition).getTag(), (Integer)getItem(position)); 70 } else { 71 synchronized (mPendingNotify) { 72 //當前正在滾動,等滾動停止再刷新 73 Log.d("Snser", "notifyDataSetChanged position=" + position + " update pending"); 74 mPendingNotify.add(this); 75 } 76 } 77 } else { 78 //不在可視范圍內的listitem不需要手動刷新,等其可見時會通過getView自動刷新 79 Log.d("Snser", "notifyDataSetChanged position=" + position + " update skip"); 80 } 81 } 82 }; 83 runnable.run(); 84 } 85 86 @Override 87 public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) { 88 mScrollState = scrollState; 89 if (mScrollState == SCROLL_STATE_IDLE) { 90 //滾動已停止,把需要刷新的listitem都刷新一下 91 synchronized (mPendingNotify) { 92 final Iterator<Runnable> iter = mPendingNotify.iterator(); 93 while (iter.hasNext()) { 94 iter.next().run(); 95 iter.remove(); 96 } 97 } 98 } 99 } 100 101 @Override 102 public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount) { 103 } 104 } View Code
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