編輯:Android資訊
要求:
1、app中使用webview訪問具體網站的內容,但是app與服務器的溝通是使用HttpURLConnection來完成。
2、webview訪問時不需要再次登陸,繼承app的登陸狀態。
會話未保持的現象:
1、雖然app已經登錄服務器,但是在webview中還是提示需要登錄。
2、app下一次對服務器的請求也會失敗,提示session過期。
解決方案:
1、獲取到HttpUrlConnection中服務器返回的session id。
2、本地保存session id,每次對服務器的請求,手動添加。
3、將此session id設置到持有webview的activity中的CookieManager裡。
關鍵代碼:
網絡處理類 NetHelper /** * 發送登陸請求,並將SESSIONID保存起來 * @param urlPath 登陸請求的地址 * @return 返回的內容 * */ public static String login(String urlPath) { ......省略號...... try { URL url = new URL(urlPath); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); //設置請求方式 conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); // conn.setReadTimeout(5000); int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode(); if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { InputStream is = conn.getInputStream(); cookList = conn.getHeaderFields().get("Set-Cookie"); if ((sessionId == null) && (cookList != null)) { for (String value : cookList) { if ((value != null) && (value.toUpperCase().indexOf(";") > 0)) { sessionId = value.split(";")[0]; } } } ......省略號...... } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } ......省略號...... }/** * 發送一條請求,將內容以字符串返回 * @param urlPath 請求的地址 * @return 返回的內容 * */ public static String request(String urlPath) { ......省略號...... try { URL url = new URL(urlPath); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); if(sessionId !=null ){ conn.setRequestProperty("Cookie",sessionId); } conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); // conn.setReadTimeout(5000); ......省略號...... } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } ......省略號...... }持有webview的Activity MainActivity private CookieManager cookieManager; cookieManager = CookieManager.getInstance(); cookieManager.setAcceptCookie(true); clearSession(); private void clearSession() { if (NetHelper.cookList != null) { cookieManager.removeSessionCookie(); } } //在第一次請求的時候,設置一次session即可 private void setSession(String url) { if (NetHelper.cookList != null) { String values = NetHelper.cookList.toString(); cookieManager.setCookie(url, values); //設置cookie CookieSyncManager.getInstance().sync(); //同步 } }
自定義控件的實現方式(詳細內容可以參考壓縮包中的<自定義控件.pdf>):
1、繼承方式
當簡單控件不滿足需求時,通過繼承重寫簡單控件,實現對控件的定制。
2、組合方式
當單個控件不滿足需求時,可以采用多個控件的組合,實現對控件的定制。
3、控件自繪方式
通過繼承自view,重寫onDraw方法實現。
項目中的具體應用:
1、登錄郵箱的自動補全功能實現(純代碼實現布局)。
2、彈窗滾輪的實現(代碼加布局文件)
3、TabButton的實現(兩種實現方式)
A、 登錄郵箱的自動補全功能實現:
效果:
實現原理:
1、繼承重寫簡單控件AutoCompleteTextView
2、編寫自定義數據適配器和布局文件,並實現文字變化監聽器
3、通過組合方式,實現右側的刪除圖標。並根據焦點和文字的變化,動態顯示右側刪除圖標。
1、通過繼承自簡單控件AutoCompleteTextView實現帳號自動補全
關鍵代碼:
public class AutoComplete extends AutoCompleteTextView { private static final String[] emailSuffix = { "@qq.com", "@163.com", "@126.com", "@gmail.com", "@sina.com", "@hotmail.com", "@yahoo.cn", "@sohu.com", "@foxmail.com", "@139.com", "@yeah.net", "@vip.qq.com", "@vip.sina.com"}; ......省略號...... //構造函數原型要正確,留給系統調用 public AutoComplete(Context context) { super(context); mContext = context; } public AutoComplete(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); mContext = context; } public void init(ImageView imageView) { mImageView = imageView; final MyAdatper adapter = new MyAdatper(mContext); setAdapter(adapter); addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() { @Override public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) { if (isTextWatch) { String input = s.toString(); ......省略號...... adapter.clearList(); //注意要清空數據,根據輸入的變化,自動生成數據 if (input.length() > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < emailSuffix.length; ++i) { adapter.addListData(input + emailSuffix[i]); } } adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); showDropDown();//該行代碼會造成崩潰 } } }); //當輸入一個字符的時候就開始檢測 setThreshold(1); } private class ViewHolder { TextView tv_Text; } class MyAdatper extends BaseAdapter implements Filterable { private List<String> mList; private Context mContext; private MyFilter mFilter; ......省略號...... public void clearList() { mList.clear(); } public void addListData(String strData) { mList.add(strData); } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { View view; ViewHolder viewHolder; if (convertView == null) { view = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.activity_autocomplete_item, null); viewHolder = new ViewHolder(); viewHolder.tv_Text = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_autocomplete); view.setTag(viewHolder); } else { view = convertView; viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); } viewHolder.tv_Text.setText(mList.get(position)); return view; } ......省略號...... }
activity_autocomplete_item 下拉列表布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:background="@color/White" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_autocomplete" android:padding="15dp" android:textSize="20sp" android:singleLine="true" android:textColor="@color/Black" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </LinearLayout>
上面自動補全的效果圖:
2、通過組合方式實現帳號自動補全復雜控件
關鍵代碼:
public class AdvancedAutoCompleteTextView extends RelativeLayout { private Context mContext; private AutoComplete mAutoComplete; //上面的自定義控件 private ImageView mImageView; //右側的圖標控件 ......省略號...... @Override protected void onFinishInflate() { super.onFinishInflate(); initViews(); } //代碼方式,初始化布局 private void initViews() { RelativeLayout.LayoutParams params = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT); params.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_LEFT); params.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL); mAutoComplete = new AutoComplete(mContext); mAutoComplete.setLayoutParams(params); mAutoComplete.setPadding(0, 0, 40, 0); mAutoComplete.setSingleLine(true); mAutoComplete.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS); mAutoComplete.setFitsSystemWindows(true); mAutoComplete.setEms(10); mAutoComplete.setHint("URS賬號"); mAutoComplete.setImeOptions(EditorInfo.IME_ACTION_NEXT | EditorInfo.IME_FLAG_NO_EXTRACT_UI | EditorInfo.IME_FLAG_NO_FULLSCREEN); mAutoComplete.setDropDownHorizontalOffset(0); mAutoComplete.setDropDownVerticalOffset(2); mAutoComplete.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.edit_text_background); RelativeLayout.LayoutParams p = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT); p.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_RIGHT); p.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL); p.rightMargin = 10; mImageView = new ImageView(mContext); mImageView.setLayoutParams(p); mImageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_CENTER); mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.unselect); mImageView.setClickable(true); mImageView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { setText(""); } }); this.addView(mAutoComplete); this.addView(mImageView); //監聽獲取焦點事件,目的:輸入帳號時,右側圖標的顯示 mAutoComplete.setOnFocusChangeListener(new OnFocusChangeListener() { @Override public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean hasFocus) { if (hasFocus && !mAutoComplete.getText().toString().isEmpty()) { mAutoComplete.setShow(false); //如果獲取首次獲取焦點,此時文本不為空,則顯示,並禁止文本改變監聽裡的設置 mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.item_delete); } else if (hasFocus) { mAutoComplete.setShow(true);//如果獲取首次獲取焦點,此時文本為空,則不改變,並開啟文本改變監聽裡的設置 } else { mAutoComplete.setShow(false); mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.unselect); } } }); //對AutoComplete自定義控件初始化,一定要放到最後.否則,會由於AutoComplete初始化未完成,就彈窗,而崩潰 mAutoComplete.init(mImageView); } }
B、彈窗滾輪的實現
效果:
實現原理:
1、繼承重寫簡單控件ScrollView,實現滾動效果,並添加回調接口,用於獲取選擇的內容。
2、為自定義控件添加內容,其中每一項為一個TextView,用於內容顯示。
3、通過自繪添加上下兩條直線,實現選中狀態。
4、最後利用popup彈窗,加載整個視圖,顯示彈窗滾動效果。
1、通過繼承ScrollView實現滾動,並向布局添加具體項
關鍵代碼:
public class WheelView extends ScrollView { //選擇後的回調接口 public interface OnWheelViewListener { void onSelected(int selectedIndex, String item); } ......省略號...... //初始化,並創建布局 private void init(Context context) { this.context = context; this.setVerticalScrollBarEnabled(false); views = new LinearLayout(context); //為自定義控件創建線性布局 views.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL); this.addView(views); //異步任務,根據滾動的位置自動調整待顯示的數據,該異步任務會在滾動事件觸發式執行 scrollerTask = new Runnable() { public void run() { if (itemHeight == 0) { return; } int newY = getScrollY(); if (initialY - newY == 0) { // stopped final int remainder = initialY % itemHeight; final int divided = initialY / itemHeight; if (remainder == 0) { selectedIndex = divided + offset; onSeletedCallBack(); } else { if (remainder > itemHeight / 2) { WheelView.this.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { WheelView.this.smoothScrollTo(0, initialY - remainder + itemHeight); selectedIndex = divided + offset + 1; onSeletedCallBack(); } }); } else { WheelView.this.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { WheelView.this.smoothScrollTo(0, initialY - remainder); selectedIndex = divided + offset; onSeletedCallBack(); } }); } } } else { initialY = getScrollY(); WheelView.this.postDelayed(scrollerTask, newCheck); } } }; } //往布局添加數據 private void initData() { displayItemCount = offset * 2 + 1; //添加新view之前,必須移除舊的,否則不正確 views.removeAllViews(); for (String item : items) { views.addView(createView(item)); } refreshItemView(0); } private TextView createView(String item) { TextView tv = new TextView(context); tv.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); tv.setSingleLine(true); tv.setTextSize(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 20); tv.setText(item); tv.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER); int padding = dip2px(15); tv.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding); if (0 == itemHeight) { itemHeight = getViewMeasuredHeight(tv); views.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, itemHeight * displayItemCount)); LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) this.getLayoutParams(); this.setLayoutParams(new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(lp.width, itemHeight * displayItemCount)); } return tv; } ......省略號...... @Override //上下直線的自繪 public void setBackgroundDrawable(Drawable background) { if (viewWidth == 0) { viewWidth = ((Activity) context).getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth(); } if (null == paint) { paint = new Paint(); paint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#83cde6")); paint.setStrokeWidth(dip2px(1f)); } background = new Drawable() { @Override public void draw(Canvas canvas) { canvas.drawLine(viewWidth * 1 / 6, obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[0], viewWidth * 5 / 6, obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[0], paint); canvas.drawLine(viewWidth * 1 / 6, obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[1], viewWidth * 5 / 6, obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[1], paint); } }; super.setBackgroundDrawable(background); } }
2、動態加載布局,並利用PopupWindow彈窗顯示。
關鍵代碼:
private void addView(int num){ ......省略號...... wheel_layout_view = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.wheel_view, null); ......省略號...... }
布局文件 wheel_view 效果圖
private void popupWindows(List<String> list){ if (wheel_layout_view != null){ mPopupWindow = null; mPopupWindow = new PopupWindow(wheel_layout_view); mPopupWindow.setWidth(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT); mPopupWindow.setHeight(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT); //點擊外部,自動消失 mPopupWindow.setFocusable(true); mPopupWindow.setOutsideTouchable(true); ......省略號...... mPopupWindow.showAtLocation(ll_weidu_condition, Gravity.BOTTOM, 0, 0); } }
C、TabButton的實現
效果:
1、利用.9.png圖標實現(簡單、美觀)
屬性定義attrs.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <!-- 自定義的button控件,用於日期的選擇--> <declare-styleable name="TabButton"> <attr name="normal_bg_res" format="reference" /> <attr name="selected_bg_res" format="reference" /> </declare-styleable> </resources>
布局文件:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" //聲明自定義屬性空間 ......省略號...... android:orientation="vertical"> ......省略號...... <xxxxxxxxxxx.customui.TabButton android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_margin="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_height="40dp" android:text="昨天" android:textSize="22sp" android:gravity="center" android:background="@drawable/btn_left" android:textColor="@color/blue" custom:normal_bg_res="@drawable/btn_left" custom:selected_bg_res="@drawable/btn_left_selected" android:id="@+id/bt_yesterday" /> ......省略號...... </LinearLayout>
關鍵代碼:
public class TabButton extends Button { private int normal_bg_res; private int selected_bg_res; public TabButton(Context context) { super(context); } public TabButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); TypedArray typeArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.TabButton); normal_bg_res = typeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.TabButton_normal_bg_res, 0); selected_bg_res = typeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.TabButton_selected_bg_res, 0); typeArray.recycle(); } public void setSelected(boolean selected) { if (selected) { setBackgroundResource(selected_bg_res); setTextColor(Color.WHITE); } else { setBackgroundResource(normal_bg_res); setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.blue)); } } }
2、利用布局文件實現(復雜、靈活)。
更多樣式,可以參數官方的SDK(android-sdk-windows\platforms\android-1.5\data\res\)
布局樣式button_style:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:state_pressed="true"> <shape android:shape="rectangle"> <solid android:color="#0d76e1" /> </shape> </item> <item android:state_focused="true"> <shape android:shape="rectangle"> <solid android:color="@color/Grey" /> </shape> </item> <item> <shape android:shape="rectangle"> <solid android:color="@color/Grey" /> </shape> </item> </selector>
樣式應用:
<Button android:id="@+id/tab_button" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="@drawable/button_style">
1、不保留標題欄蒙板的實現
效果:
原理:
1、彈窗時,設置背景窗體的透明度
2、取消彈窗時,恢復背景窗體的透明度
關鍵代碼:
private void popupWindows(List<String> list){ //產生背景變暗效果 WindowManager.LayoutParams lp=getWindow().getAttributes(); lp.alpha = 0.4f; getWindow().setAttributes(lp); ......省略號...... mPopupWindow.setOnDismissListener(new PopupWindow.OnDismissListener() { @Override public void onDismiss() { WindowManager.LayoutParams lp = getWindow().getAttributes(); lp.alpha = 1f; getWindow().setAttributes(lp); } }); ......省略號...... }
2、保留標題欄蒙板的實現
效果:
原理:
1、根據需求,設置蒙板布局大小。
2、彈窗時,顯示蒙板布局
2、取消彈窗時,隱藏蒙板布局
關鍵代碼:
1、蒙板布局實現:
<!-- popup蒙板 --> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/ll_popup_hide" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:background="@color/hide_bg" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_height="match_parent"> </LinearLayout> <color name="hide_bg">#88323232</color>
2、代碼處理
ll_popup_hide.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); //顯示蒙板 ll_popup_hide.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE); //隱藏蒙板
1、Activity的回收
針對多個activity退出的處理
關鍵代碼:
1、新建活動管理類:
public class ActivityCollector { private static List<Activity> activityList = new ArrayList<Activity>(); public static void addActivity(Activity activity){ activityList.add(activity); } public static void removeActivity(Activity activity){ activityList.remove(activity); } public static void finishAllButLast(){ Activity activity = activityList.get(activityList.size()-1); removeActivity(activity); for (Activity activityItem: activityList){ if (!activityItem.isFinishing()){ activityItem.finish(); } } activityList.clear(); activityList.add(activity); } public static void finishAll(){ for (Activity activity: activityList){ if (!activity.isFinishing()){ activity.finish(); } } activityList.clear(); } }
2、創建基類BaseActivity,並使所有的activity繼承自該基類 。在創建時,添加到活動管理器,銷毀時,從活動管理器中移除。
public class BaseActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ActivityCollector.addActivity(this); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); ActivityCollector.removeActivity(this); } }
如果需要銷毀所有activity,只需調用finishAll()即可
2、操作超時處理
原理:
1、在activity的stop函數中,根據app進程IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND判斷app在前台或後台
2、在activity的onResume函數中,做超時檢查。
關鍵代碼:
abstract public class TimeOutCheckActivity extends BaseActivity { private boolean isLeave = false; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); pref = getSharedPreferences(Constant.CONFIG_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); } /** * 回調函數,方便測試 * @return */ abstract protected String getTag(); ......省略號...... /*** * 當用戶使程序恢復為前台顯示時執行onResume()方法,在其中判斷是否超時. */ @Override protected void onResume() { // Log.i("Back",getTag() + ",onResume,是否在前台:" + isOnForeground()); super.onResume(); if (isLeave) { isLeave = false; timeOutCheck(); } } @Override protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); if (!isOnForeground()){ if (!isLeave && isOpenALP()) { isLeave = true; saveStartTime(); } } } public void timeOutCheck() { long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis(); if (endtime - getStartTime() >= Constant.TIMEOUT_ALP * 1000) { Util.toast(this, "超時了,請重新驗證"); String alp = pref.getString(Constant.ALP, null); if (alp == null || alp == "") { } else { Intent intent = new Intent(this, UnlockGesturePasswordActivity.class); intent.putExtra("pattern", alp); intent.putExtra("login",false); //手勢驗證,不進行登錄驗證 intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK); // 打開新的Activity startActivityForResult(intent, Constant.REQ_COMPARE_PATTERN_TIMEOUT_CHECK); } } } public void saveStartTime() { pref.edit().putLong(Constant.START_TIME, System.currentTimeMillis()).commit(); } public long getStartTime() { long startTime = 0; try { startTime = pref.getLong(Constant.START_TIME, 0); }catch (Exception e){ startTime = 0; } return startTime; } /** * 程序是否在前端運行,通過枚舉運行的app實現。防止重復超時檢測多次,保證只有一個activity進入超時檢測 *當用戶按home鍵時,程序進入後端運行,此時會返回false,其他情況引起activity的stop函數的調用,會返回true * @return */ public boolean isOnForeground() { ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE); String packageName = getApplicationContext().getPackageName(); List<ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo> appProcesses = activityManager.getRunningAppProcesses(); if (appProcesses == null) return false; for (ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo appProcess : appProcesses) { if (appProcess.processName.equals(packageName) && appProcess.importance == ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND) { return true; } } return false; } }
補充說明:
可以根據importance的不同來判斷前台或後台,RunningAppProcessInfo 裡面的常量IMTANCE就是上面所說的前台後台,其實IMOPORTANCE是表示這個app進程的重要性,因為系統回收時候,會根據IMOPORTANCE來回收進程的。具體可以去看文檔。
public static final int IMPORTANCE_BACKGROUND = 400//後台 public static final int IMPORTANCE_EMPTY = 500//空進程 public static final int IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND = 100//在屏幕最前端、可獲取到焦點 可理解為Activity生命周期的OnResume(); public static final int IMPORTANCE_SERVICE = 300//在服務中 public static final int IMPORTANCE_VISIBLE = 200//在屏幕前端、獲取不到焦點可理解為Activity生命周期的OnStart();
在Android1.6的模擬器裡面預裝了一個叫Gestures Builder的程序,這個程序就是讓你創建自己的手勢的(Gestures Builder的源代碼在
自定義控件具有很強的靈活性,可以根據你的想法畫出各種各樣的圖案,在Android中如果是自定義控件的話,Paint這個類用的還是較多的,這一篇就來簡單介紹Pain
在Android Support Library19.1版本中,Android工具小組引入了幾個很酷的注解類型,供開發者在工程中使用。Support Librar
之前做過一個項目(隨心壁紙),主要展示過去每期的壁紙主題以及相應的壁紙,而且策劃要求,最好可以動態變換主題呈現方式,這樣用戶體驗會比較好。嗯,好吧,策劃的話,咱們