Android權限操作之uses-permission詳解

本文實例講述了Android權限操作之uses-permission。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

我們在安裝Android軟件的時候，系統會提示該軟件所需要的權限，相對於其他系統，android的權限非常多。我們在開發軟件的時候，也需要聲明相應的權限，比如希望軟件能發短信，需要聲明軟件調用短信的權限，否則軟件運行的時候就會報錯。

Android的權限在AndroidManifest.xml文件裡配置。AndroidManifest文件中有四個標簽與permission有關，它們分別是 <permission>、 <permission-group> 、<permission-tree> 和 <uses-permission>。其中最常用的是 <uses-permission>，當我們需要獲取某個權限的時候就必須在我們的manifest文件中聲明<uses-permission>。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest>
  <application>
  </application>
  <uses-permission />
  <permission />
  <permission-tree />
  <permission-group />
  ...
</manifest>

<permission>和 <uses-permission>的作用相似，兩者之間的不同之處，<uses-permission>是android預定義的權限，<permission>是自己定義的權限。 <permission>用的相對較少，<permission-group>   <permission-tree>這兩個標簽就更少見了，簡單說<permission-group> 就是聲明一個標簽，該標簽代表了一組permissions，而<permission-tree>是為一組permissions聲明了一個namespace。後面三個標簽具體使用方法後續文章會有介紹。

<permission>定義方法如下：

<permission android:description="string resource"
      android:icon="drawable resource"
      android:label="string resource"
      android:name="string"
      android:permissionGroup="string"
      android:protectionLevel=["normal" | "dangerous" |
                   "signature" | "signatureOrSystem"] />

上面代碼來自官方文檔：http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html。propectionLevel這個屬性是必須聲明，告訴系統通知用戶的應用要求許可,或允許誰認為獲得許可的情況下。permissionGroup這個是可選的，與<permission-group>配合使用。label, name和icon用於描述權限。 <permission>的用法後面也會再詳細分析。

<uses-permission>是我們用的最多的，官方文檔定義方式如下：

<uses-permission android:name="string" />

例如，短信和電話權限的定義：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>

下面是收集到的 <uses-permission>的資料，方便用的時候查找：

android.permission.ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES
允許讀寫訪問”properties”表在checkin數據庫中，改值可以修改上傳( Allowsread/write access to the “properties” table in the checkin database, to changevalues that get uploaded)

android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
允許一個程序訪問CellID或WiFi熱點來獲取粗略的位置(Allowsan application to access coarse (e.g., Cell-ID, WiFi) location)

android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
允許一個程序訪問精良位置(如GPS) (Allows an application to accessfine (e.g., GPS) location)

android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
允許應用程序訪問額外的位置提供命令(Allowsan application to access extra location provider commands)

android.permission.ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION
允許程序創建模擬位置提供用於測試(Allowsan application to create mock location providers for testing)

android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
允許程序訪問有關GSM網絡信息(Allows applications to accessinformation about networks)

android.permission.ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER
允許程序使用SurfaceFlinger底層特性(Allows an application to useSurfaceFlinger's low level features)

android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
允許程序訪問Wi-Fi網絡狀態信息(Allows applications to accessinformation about Wi-Fi networks)

android.permission.ADD_SYSTEM_SERVICE
允許程序發布系統級服務(Allowsan application to publish system-level services).

android.permission.BATTERY_STATS
允許程序更新手機電池統計信息(Allowsan application to update the collected battery statistics)

android.permission.BLUETOOTH
允許程序連接到已配對的藍牙設備(Allowsapplications to connect to paired bluetooth devices)

android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
允許程序發現和配對藍牙設備(Allowsapplications to discover and pair bluetooth devices)

android.permission.BRICK
請求能夠禁用設備(非常危險)(Required to be able to disable thedevice (very *erous!).)

android.permission.BROADCAST_PACKAGE_REMOVED
允許程序廣播一個提示消息在一個應用程序包已經移除後(Allowsan application to broadcast a notification that an application
package has been removed)

android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
允許一個程序廣播常用intents(Allowsan application to broadcast sticky intents)

android.permission.CALL_PHONE
允許一個程序初始化一個電話撥號不需通過撥號用戶界面需要用戶確認(Allowsan application to initiate a phone call without going through the Dialer userinterface for the user to confirm the call being placed.)

android.permission.CALL_PRIVILEGED
允許一個程序撥打任何號碼，包含緊急號碼無需通過撥號用戶界面需要用戶確認(Allowsan application to call any phone number, including emergency numbers, withoutgoing through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call beingplaced)

android.permission.CAMERA
請求訪問使用照相設備(Requiredto be able to access the camera device. )

android.permission.CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE
允許一個程序是否改變一個組件或其他的啟用或禁用(Allowsan application to change whether an application component (other than its own)is enabled or not. )

android.permission.CHANGE_CONFIGURATION
允許一個程序修改當前設置，如本地化(Allowsan application to modify the current configuration, such as locale. )

android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
允許程序改變網絡連接狀態(Allowsapplications to change network connectivity state)

android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
允許程序改變Wi-Fi連接狀態(Allows applications to change Wi-Ficonnectivity state)

android.permission.CLEAR_APP_CACHE
允許一個程序清楚緩存從所有安裝的程序在設備中(Allowsan application to clear the caches of all installed applications on the device.)

android.permission.CLEAR_APP_USER_DATA
允許一個程序清除用戶設置(Allowsan application to clear user data)

android.permission.CONTROL_LOCATION_UPDATES
允許啟用禁止位置更新提示從無線模塊(Allowsenabling/disabling location update notifications from the radio. )

android.permission.DELETE_CACHE_FILES
允許程序刪除緩存文件(Allowsan application to delete cache files)

android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES
允許一個程序刪除包(Allowsan application to delete packages)

android.permission.DEVICE_POWER
允許訪問底層電源管理(Allowslow-level access to power management)

android.permission.DIAGNOSTIC
允許程序RW診斷資源(Allows applications to RW to diagnosticresources. )

android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
允許程序禁用鍵盤鎖(Allowsapplications to disable the keyguard )

android.permission.DUMP
允許程序返回狀態抓取信息從系統服務(Allowsan application to retrieve state dump information from system services.)

android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
允許一個程序擴展收縮在狀態欄,android開發網提示應該是一個類似Windows Mobile中的托盤程序(Allows an application to expand orcollapse the status bar. )

android.permission.FACTORY_TEST
作為一個工廠測試程序，運行在root用戶(Run as a manufacturer test application,running as the root user. )

android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
訪問閃光燈,android開發網提示HTC Dream不包含閃光燈(Allowsaccess to the flashlight )

android.permission.FORCE_BACK
允許程序強行一個後退操作是否在頂層activities(Allowsan application to force a BACK operation on whatever is the top activity. )

android.permission.FOTA_UPDATE
暫時不了解這是做什麼使用的，android開發網分析可能是一個預留權限.

android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
訪問一個帳戶列表在AccountsService中(Allows access to thelist of accounts in the Accounts Service)

android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
允許一個程序獲取任何package占用空間容量(Allows an application to find out thespace used by any package. )

android.permission.GET_TASKS
允許一個程序獲取信息有關當前或最近運行的任務，一個縮略的任務狀態，是否活動等等(Allowsan application to get information about the currently or recently runningtasks: a thumbnail representation of the tasks, what activities are running init, etc.)

android.permission.HARDWARE_TEST
允許訪問硬件(Allowsaccess to hardware peripherals. )

android.permission.INJECT_EVENTS
允許一個程序截獲用戶事件如按鍵、觸摸、軌跡球等等到一個時間流，android開發網提醒算是hook技術吧(Allowsan application to inject user events (keys, touch, trackball) into the eventstream and deliver them to ANY window.)

android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES
允許一個程序安裝packages(Allowsan application to install packages. )

android.permission.INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW
允許打開窗口使用系統用戶界面(Allowsan application to open windows that are for use by parts of the system userinterface. )

android.permission.INTERNET
允許程序打開網絡套接字(Allowsapplications to open network sockets)

android.permission.MANAGE_APP_TOKENS
允許程序管理(創建、催後、 z- order默認向z軸推移)程序引用在窗口管理器中(Allowsan application to manage (create, destroy, Z-order) application tokens in thewindow manager. )

android.permission.MASTER_CLEAR
目前還沒有明確的解釋，android開發網分析可能是清除一切數據，類似硬格機

android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
允許程序修改全局音頻設置(Allowsan application to modify global audio settings)

android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE
允許修改話機狀態，如電源，人機接口等(Allowsmodification of the telephony state – power on, mmi, etc. )

android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS
允許掛載和反掛載文件系統可移動存儲(Allowsmounting and unmounting file systems for removable storage. )

android.permission.PERSISTENT_ACTIVITY
允許一個程序設置他的activities顯示(Allow an application to make itsactivities persistent. )

android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
允許程序監視、修改有關播出電話(Allowsan application to monitor, modify, or abort outgoing calls)

android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
允許程序讀取用戶日歷數據(Allowsan application to read the user's calendar data.)

android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
允許程序讀取用戶聯系人數據(Allowsan application to read the user's contacts data.)

android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER
允許程序屏幕波或和更多常規的訪問幀緩沖數據(Allowsan application to take screen shots and more generally get access to the framebuffer data)

android.permission.READ_INPUT_STATE
允許程序返回當前按鍵狀態(Allowsan application to retrieve the current state of keys and switches. )

android.permission.READ_LOGS
允許程序讀取底層系統日志文件(Allowsan application to read the low-level system log files. )

android.permission.READ_OWNER_DATA
允許程序讀取所有者數據(Allowsan application to read the owner's data)

android.permission.READ_SMS
允許程序讀取短信息(Allowsan application to read SMS messages.)

android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
允許程序讀取同步設置(Allowsapplications to read the sync settings)

android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS
允許程序讀取同步狀態(Allowsapplications to read the sync stats)

android.permission.REBOOT
請求能夠重新啟動設備(Requiredto be able to reboot the device. )

android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
允許一個程序接收到ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED廣播在系統完成啟動(Allowsan application to receive the ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED that is broadcast after thesystem finishes booting. )

android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
允許一個程序監控將收到MMS彩信,記錄或處理(Allowsan application to monitor incoming MMS messages, to record or performprocessing on them. )

android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
允許程序監控一個將收到短信息，記錄或處理(Allowsan application to monitor incoming SMS messages, to record or performprocessing on them.)

android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
允許程序監控將收到WAPPUSH信息(Allows an applicationto monitor incoming WAP push messages. )

android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
允許程序錄制音頻(Allowsan application to record audio)

android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
允許程序改變Z軸排列任務(Allows an application to change theZ-order of tasks)

android.permission.RESTART_PACKAGES
允許程序重新啟動其他程序(Allowsan application to restart other applications)

android.permission.SEND_SMS
允許程序發送SMS短信(Allows an application to send SMSmessages)

android.permission.SET_ACTIVITY_WATCHER
允許程序監控或控制activities已經啟動全局系統中(Allows an application to watch andcontrol how activities are started globally in the system.)

android.permission.SET_ALWAYS_FINISH
允許程序控制是否活動間接完成在處於後台時(Allowsan application to control whether activities are immediately finished when putin the background.)

android.permission.SET_ANIMATION_SCALE
修改全局信息比例(Modifythe global animation scaling factor.)

android.permission.SET_DEBUG_APP
配置一個程序用於調試(Configurean application for debugging.)

android.permission.SET_ORIENTATION
允許底層訪問設置屏幕方向和實際旋轉(Allowslow-level access to setting the orientation (actually rotation) of the screen.)

android.permission.SET_PREFERRED_APPLICATIONS
允許一個程序修改列表參數PackageManager.addPackageToPreferred()和PackageManager.removePackageFromPreferred()方法(Allowsan application to modify the list of preferred applications with thePackageManager.addPackageToPreferred() andPackageManager.removePackageFromPreferred() methods.)

android.permission.SET_PROCESS_FOREGROUND
允許程序當前運行程序強行到前台(Allowsan application to force any currently running process to be in the foreground.)

android.permission.SET_PROCESS_LIMIT
允許設置最大的運行進程數量(Allowsan application to set the maximum number of (not needed) application processesthat can be running. )

android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE
允許程序設置時間區域(Allowsapplications to set the system time zone)

android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
允許程序設置壁紙(Allowsapplications to set the wallpaper )

android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
允許程序設置壁紙hits(Allowsapplications to set the wallpaper hints)

android.permission.SIGNAL_PERSISTENT_PROCESSES
允許程序請求發送信號到所有顯示的進程中(Allowan application to request that a signal be sent to all persistent processes)

android.permission.STATUS_BAR
允許程序打開、關閉或禁用狀態欄及圖標Allowsan application to open, close, or disable the status bar and its icons.

android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ
允許一個程序訪問訂閱RSSFeed內容提供(Allows an applicationto allow access the subscribed feeds ContentProvider. )

android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_WRITE
系統暫時保留改設置,android開發網認為未來版本會加入該功能。

android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW
允許一個程序打開窗口使用TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT，顯示在其他所有程序的頂層(Allowsan application to open windows using the type TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT, shown on topof all other applications. )

android.permission.VIBRATE
允許訪問振動設備(Allowsaccess to the vibrator)

android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
允許使用PowerManager的 WakeLocks保持進程在休眠時從屏幕消失(Allows using PowerManager WakeLocks to keep
processor from sleeping or screen fromdimming)

android.permission.WRITE_APN_SETTINGS
允許程序寫入API設置(Allows applications to write the apnsettings)

android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
允許一個程序寫入但不讀取用戶日歷數據(Allowsan application to write (but not read) the user's calendar data. )

android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
允許程序寫入但不讀取用戶聯系人數據(Allowsan application to write (but not read) the user's contacts data. )

android.permission.WRITE_GSERVICES
允許程序修改Google服務地圖(Allows an application to modify theGoogle service map. )

android.permission.WRITE_OWNER_DATA
允許一個程序寫入但不讀取所有者數據(Allowsan application to write (but not read) the owner's data.)

android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
允許程序讀取或寫入系統設置(Allowsan application to read or write the system settings. )

android.permission.WRITE_SMS
允許程序寫短信(Allowsan application to write SMS messages)

android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
允許程序寫入同步設置(Allowsapplications to write the sync settings)

PS：關於AndroidManifest.xml文件相關屬性功能可參考本站在線工具：

Android Manifest功能與權限描述大全：
http://tools.jb51.net/table/AndroidManifest

更多關於Android相關內容感興趣的讀者可查看本站專題：《Android開發入門與進階教程》、《Android調試技巧與常見問題解決方法匯總》、《Android多媒體操作技巧匯總(音頻,視頻,錄音等)》、《Android基本組件用法總結》、《Android視圖View技巧總結》、《Android布局layout技巧總結》及《Android控件用法總結》

希望本文所述對大家Android程序設計有所幫助。