Android自定義View繪圖實現拖影動畫

前幾天在“Android繪圖之漸隱動畫”一文中通過畫線實現了漸隱動畫，但裡面有個問題，畫筆較粗（大於1）時線段之間會有裂隙，我又改進了一下。這次效果好多了。

先看效果吧：

然後我們來說說基本的做法：
 •根據畫筆寬度，計算每一條線段兩個頂點對應的四個點，四點連線，包圍線段，形成一個路徑。
 •後一條線段的路徑的前兩個點，取（等於）前一條線段的後兩點，這樣就銜接起來了。 

把Path的Style修改為FILL，效果是這樣的：

可以看到一個個四邊形，連成了路徑。

好啦，現在說說怎樣根據兩點計算出包圍它們連線的路徑所需的四個點。

先看一張圖：

在這張圖裡，黑色細線是我們拿到的兩個觸摸點相連得到的。當畫筆寬度大於1（比如為10）時，其實經過這條黑線的兩個端點並且與這條黑線垂直相交的兩條線（藍線），就可以計算出來，藍線的長度就是畫筆的寬度，結合這些就可以計算出紅色的四個點。而紅色的四個點就圍住了線段，形成路徑。

這裡面用到兩點連線的公式，采用點斜式：

y = k*x + b

黑線的斜率是：

k = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) 

垂直相交的兩條線的斜率的關系是：

k1 * k2 = -1 

所以，藍線的斜率就可以計算出來了。有了斜率和線上的一個點，就可以求出這條線的點斜式中的b，點斜式就出來了。

然後，利用兩點間距離公式：

已知一個點，這個點與另一個點的距離（畫筆寬度除以2），斜率，代入兩點間距離公式和藍線的點斜式，就可以計算出兩個紅色的點了。

計算時用到的是一元二次方程a*x*x + bx + c = 0，求 x 時用的公式是：

好啦，最後，上代碼：

package com.example.disappearinglines;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Path;
import android.graphics.PointF;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;

/**
 * Created by foruok，歡迎關注我的訂閱號“程序視界”.
 */

public class DisappearingDoodleView extends View {
 public static float convertDipToPx(Context context, float fDip) {
  float fPx = TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP, fDip,
    context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics());
  return fPx;
 }

 final static String TAG = "DoodleView";
 class LineElement {
  static final public int ALPHA_STEP = 8;
  public LineElement(float pathWidth){
   mPaint = new Paint();
   mPaint.setARGB(255, 255, 0, 0);
   mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
   mPaint.setStrokeWidth(0);
   mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);
   mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
   mPath = new Path();
   mPathWidth = pathWidth;
   for(int i= 0; i < mPoints.length; i++){
    mPoints[i] = new PointF();
   }
  }

  public void setPaint(Paint paint){
   mPaint = paint;
  }

  public void setAlpha(int alpha){
   mPaint.setAlpha(alpha);
   mPathWidth = (alpha * mPathWidth) / 255;
  }

  private boolean caculatePoints(float k, float b, float x1, float y1, float distance, PointF pt1, PointF pt2){
   //point-k formula
   // y= kx + b
   //distance formula of two points
   // distance*distance = Math.pow((x - x1), 2) + Math.pow((y - y1), 2)
   // |
   // V
   // ax*x + bx + c = 0;
   // |
   // V
   // x = (-b +/- Math.sqrt( b*b - 4*a*c ) ) / (2*a)
   double a1 = Math.pow(k, 2) + 1;
   double b1 = 2* k * (b - y1) - 2 * x1;
   double c1 = Math.pow(x1, 2) + Math.pow(b - y1, 2) - Math.pow(distance, 2);
   double criterion = Math.pow(b1, 2) - 4*a1*c1;
   if(criterion > 0) {
    criterion = Math.sqrt(criterion);
    pt1.x = (float) ((-b1 + criterion) / (2 * a1));
    pt1.y = k * pt1.x + b;
    pt2.x = (float) ((-b1 - criterion) / (2 * a1));
    pt2.y = k * pt2.x + b;
    return true;
   }
   return false;
  }

  private void swapPoint(PointF pt1, PointF pt2){
   float t = pt1.x;
   pt1.x = pt2.x;
   pt2.x = t;
   t = pt1.y;
   pt1.y = pt2.y;
   pt2.y = t;
  }

  public boolean updatePathPoints(){
   float distance = mPathWidth / 2;
   if(Math.abs(mEndX - mStartX) < 1){
    mPoints[0].x = mStartX + distance;
    mPoints[0].y = mStartY - distance;
    mPoints[1].x = mStartX - distance;
    mPoints[1].y = mPoints[0].y;
    mPoints[2].x = mPoints[1].x;
    mPoints[2].y = mEndY + distance;
    mPoints[3].x = mPoints[0].x;
    mPoints[3].y = mPoints[2].y;
   }else if(Math.abs(mEndY - mStartY) < 1){
    mPoints[0].x = mStartX - distance;
    mPoints[0].y = mStartY - distance;
    mPoints[1].x = mPoints[0].x;
    mPoints[1].y = mStartY + distance;
    mPoints[2].x = mEndX + distance;
    mPoints[2].y = mPoints[1].y;
    mPoints[3].x = mPoints[2].x;
    mPoints[3].y = mPoints[0].y;
   }else{
    //point-k formula
    //y= kx + b
    float kLine = (mEndY - mStartY) / (mEndX - mStartX);
    float kVertLine = -1 / kLine;
    float b = mStartY - (kVertLine * mStartX);
    if(!caculatePoints(kVertLine, b, mStartX, mStartY, distance, mPoints[0], mPoints[1])){
     String info = String.format(TAG, "startPt, criterion < 0, (%.2f, %.2f)-->(%.2f, %.2f), kLine - %.2f, kVertLine - %.2f, b - %.2f",
       mStartX, mStartY, mEndX, mEndY, kLine, kVertLine, b);
     Log.i(TAG, info);
     return false;
    }
    b = mEndY - (kVertLine * mEndX);
    if(!caculatePoints(kVertLine, b, mEndX, mEndY, distance, mPoints[2], mPoints[3])){
     String info = String.format(TAG, "endPt, criterion < 0, (%.2f, %.2f)-->(%.2f, %.2f), kLine - %.2f, kVertLine - %.2f, b - %.2f",
       mStartX, mStartY, mEndX, mEndY, kLine, kVertLine, b);
     Log.i(TAG, info);
     return false;
    }
    //reorder points to unti-clockwise
    if(mStartX < mEndX){
     if(mStartY < mEndY){
      if(mPoints[0].x < mPoints[1].x){
       swapPoint(mPoints[0], mPoints[1]);
      }
      if(mPoints[2].x > mPoints[3].x){
       swapPoint(mPoints[2], mPoints[3]);
      }
     }else{
      if(mPoints[0].x > mPoints[1].x){
       swapPoint(mPoints[0], mPoints[1]);
      }
      if(mPoints[2].x < mPoints[3].x){
       swapPoint(mPoints[2], mPoints[3]);
      }
     }
    }else{
     if(mStartY < mEndY){
      if(mPoints[0].x < mPoints[1].x){
       swapPoint(mPoints[0], mPoints[1]);
      }
      if(mPoints[2].x > mPoints[3].x){
       swapPoint(mPoints[2], mPoints[3]);
      }
     }else{
      if(mPoints[0].x > mPoints[1].x){
       swapPoint(mPoints[0], mPoints[1]);
      }
      if(mPoints[2].x < mPoints[3].x){
       swapPoint(mPoints[2], mPoints[3]);
      }
     }
    }
   }

   return true;
  }

  // for the first line
  public void updatePath(){
   //update path
   mPath.reset();
   mPath.moveTo(mPoints[0].x, mPoints[0].y);
   mPath.lineTo(mPoints[1].x, mPoints[1].y);
   mPath.lineTo(mPoints[2].x, mPoints[2].y);
   mPath.lineTo(mPoints[3].x, mPoints[3].y);
   mPath.close();
  }

  // for middle line
  public void updatePathWithStartPoints(PointF pt1, PointF pt2){
   mPath.reset();
   mPath.moveTo(pt1.x, pt1.y);
   mPath.lineTo(pt2.x, pt2.y);
   mPath.lineTo(mPoints[2].x, mPoints[2].y);
   mPath.lineTo(mPoints[3].x, mPoints[3].y);
   mPath.close();
  }

  public float mStartX = -1;
  public float mStartY = -1;
  public float mEndX = -1;
  public float mEndY = -1;
  public Paint mPaint;
  public Path mPath;
  public PointF[] mPoints = new PointF[4]; //path's vertex
  float mPathWidth;
 }

 private LineElement mCurrentLine = null;
 private List<LineElement> mLines = null;
 private float mLaserX = 0;
 private float mLaserY = 0;
 final Paint mPaint = new Paint();
 private int mWidth = 0;
 private int mHeight = 0;
 private long mElapsed = 0;
 private float mStrokeWidth = 20;
 private float mCircleRadius = 10;
 private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
  @Override
  public void handleMessage(Message msg){
   DisappearingDoodleView.this.invalidate();
  }
 };

 public DisappearingDoodleView(Context context){
  super(context);
  initialize(context);
 }

 public DisappearingDoodleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs){
  super(context, attrs);
  initialize(context);
 }

 private void initialize(Context context){
  mStrokeWidth = convertDipToPx(context, 22);
  mCircleRadius = convertDipToPx(context, 10);
  mPaint.setARGB(255, 255, 0, 0);
  mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
  mPaint.setStrokeWidth(0);
  mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
 }

 @Override
 protected void onSizeChanged (int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh){
  mWidth = w;
  mHeight = h;
  adjustLasterPosition();
 }

 private void adjustLasterPosition(){
  if(mLaserX - mCircleRadius < 0) mLaserX = mCircleRadius;
  else if(mLaserX + mCircleRadius > mWidth) mLaserX = mWidth - mCircleRadius;
  if(mLaserY - mCircleRadius < 0) mLaserY = mCircleRadius;
  else if(mLaserY + mCircleRadius > mHeight) mLaserY = mHeight - mCircleRadius;
 }

 private void updateLaserPosition(float x, float y){
  mLaserX = x;
  mLaserY = y;
  adjustLasterPosition();
 }
 @Override
 protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas){
  //canvas.drawText("ABCDE", 10, 16, mPaint);
  mElapsed = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();

  if(mLines != null) {
   updatePaths();
   for (LineElement e : mLines) {
    if(e.mStartX < 0 || e.mEndY < 0 || e.mPath.isEmpty()) continue;
    //canvas.drawLine(e.mStartX, e.mStartY, e.mEndX, e.mEndY, e.mPaint);
    canvas.drawPath(e.mPath, e.mPaint);
   }
   compactPaths();
  }
  canvas.drawCircle(mLaserX, mLaserY, mCircleRadius, mPaint);
 }

 private boolean isValidLine(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2){
  return Math.abs(x1 - x2) > 1 || Math.abs(y1 - y2) > 1;
 }

 @Override
 public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event){
  float x = event.getX();
  float y = event.getY();

  int action = event.getAction();
  if(action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP){// end one line after finger release
   if(isValidLine(mCurrentLine.mStartX, mCurrentLine.mStartY, x, y)){
    mCurrentLine.mEndX = x;
    mCurrentLine.mEndY = y;
    addToPaths(mCurrentLine);
   }
   //mCurrentLine.updatePathPoints();
   mCurrentLine = null;
   updateLaserPosition(x, y);
   invalidate();
   return true;
  }

  if(action == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){
   mLines = null;
   mCurrentLine = new LineElement(mStrokeWidth);

   mCurrentLine.mStartX = x;
   mCurrentLine.mStartY = y;
   updateLaserPosition(x, y);
   return true;
  }

  if(action == MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) {
   if(isValidLine(mCurrentLine.mStartX, mCurrentLine.mStartY, x, y)){
    mCurrentLine.mEndX = x;
    mCurrentLine.mEndY = y;
    addToPaths(mCurrentLine);

    mCurrentLine = new LineElement(mStrokeWidth);
    mCurrentLine.mStartX = x;
    mCurrentLine.mStartY = y;

    updateLaserPosition(x, y);
   }else{
    //do nothing, wait next point
   }
  }

  if(mHandler.hasMessages(1)){
   mHandler.removeMessages(1);
  }
  Message msg = new Message();
  msg.what = 1;
  mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);

  return true;
 }

 private void addToPaths(LineElement element){
  if(mLines == null) {
   mLines = new ArrayList<LineElement>() ;
  }
  mLines.add(element);
 }

 private void updatePaths() {
  int size = mLines.size();
  if (size == 0) return;


  LineElement line = null;
  int j = 0;
  for (; j < size; j++) {
   line = mLines.get(j);
   if (line.updatePathPoints()) break;
  }

  if (j == size) {
   mLines.clear();
   return;
  } else {
   for (j--; j >= 0; j--) {
    mLines.remove(0);
   }
  }

  line.updatePath();
  size = mLines.size();

  LineElement lastLine = null;
  for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
   line = mLines.get(i);
   if (line.updatePathPoints()){
    if (lastLine == null) {
     lastLine = mLines.get(i - 1);
    }
    line.updatePathWithStartPoints(lastLine.mPoints[3], lastLine.mPoints[2]);
    lastLine = null;
   }else{
    mLines.remove(i);
    size = mLines.size();
   }
  }
 }

 public void compactPaths(){

  int size = mLines.size();
  int index = size - 1;
  if(size == 0) return;
  int baseAlpha = 255 - LineElement.ALPHA_STEP;
  int itselfAlpha;
  LineElement line;
  for(; index >=0 ; index--, baseAlpha -= LineElement.ALPHA_STEP){
   line = mLines.get(index);
   itselfAlpha = line.mPaint.getAlpha();
   if(itselfAlpha == 255){
    if(baseAlpha <= 0 || line.mPathWidth < 1){
     ++index;
     break;
    }
    line.setAlpha(baseAlpha);
   }else{
    itselfAlpha -= LineElement.ALPHA_STEP;
    if(itselfAlpha <= 0 || line.mPathWidth < 1){
     ++index;
     break;
    }
    line.setAlpha(itselfAlpha);
   }
  }

  if(index >= size){
   // all sub-path should disappear
   mLines = null;
  }
  else if(index >= 0){
   //Log.i(TAG, "compactPaths from " + index + " to " + (size - 1));
   mLines = mLines.subList(index, size);
  }else{
   // no sub-path should disappear
  }

  long interval = 40 - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + mElapsed;
  if(interval < 0) interval = 0;
  Message msg = new Message();
  msg.what = 1;
  mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, interval);
 }
}

這樣自繪，效率不太好，還沒想怎麼去改進，大家可以討論討論。

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