編輯:關於Android編程
之前寫了兩篇關於自定義view的文章,本篇講講自定義ViewGroup的實現。
我們知道ViewGroup就是View的容器類,我們經常用的LinearLayout,RelativeLayout等都是ViewGroup的子類。並且我們在寫布局xml的時候,會告訴容器(凡是以layout為開頭的屬性,都是為用於告訴容器的),我們的寬度(layout_width)、高度(layout_height)、對齊方式(layout_gravity)等;於是乎,ViewGroup的職能為:給childView計算出建議的寬和高和測量模式 ;決定childView的位置;為什麼只是建議的寬和高,而不是直接確定呢,別忘了childView寬和高可以設置為wrap_content,這樣只有childView才能計算出自己的寬和高。
View的根據ViewGroup傳入的測量值和模式,對自己寬高進行確定(onMeasure中完成),然後在onDraw中完成對自己的繪制。ViewGroup需要給View傳入view的測量值和模式(onMeasure中完成),而且對於此ViewGroup的父布局,自己也需要在onMeasure中完成對自己寬和高的確定。此外,需要在onLayout中完成對其childView的位置的指定。
因為ViewGroup有很多子View,所以它的整個繪制過程相對於View會復雜一點,但是還是遵循三個步驟measure,layout,draw,我們依次說明。
本文我們來寫一個類似於GridView的網格容器吧,姑且叫做CustomGridView。
自定義屬性/獲取屬性值
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <declare-styleable name="CustomGridView"> <attr name="numColumns" format="integer" /> <attr name="hSpace" format="integer" /> <attr name="vSpace" format="integer" /> </declare-styleable> </resources>
public CustomGridView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) { super(context, attrs, defStyle); if (attrs != null) { TypedArray a = getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomGridView); colums = a.getInteger(R.styleable.CustomGridLayout_numColumns, 3); hSpace = a.getInteger(R.styleable.CustomGridLayout_hSpace, 10); vSpace = a.getInteger(R.styleable.CustomGridLayout_vSpace, 10); a.recycle(); } } public MyGridLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); } public MyGridLayout(Context context) { this(context, null); }
LayoutParams
ViewGroup還有一個很重要的知識LayoutParams,LayoutParams存儲了子View在加入ViewGroup中時的一些參數信息,在繼承ViewGroup類時,一般也需要新建一個新的LayoutParams類,就像SDK中我們熟悉的LinearLayout.LayoutParams,RelativeLayout.LayoutParams類等一樣,那麼可以這樣做,在你定義的ViewGroup子類中,新建一個LayoutParams類繼承與ViewGroup.LayoutParams。
public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.LayoutParams { public int left = 0; public int top = 0; public LayoutParams(Context arg0, AttributeSet arg1) { super(arg0, arg1); } public LayoutParams(int arg0, int arg1) { super(arg0, arg1); } public LayoutParams(android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams arg0) { super(arg0); } }
那麼現在新的LayoutParams類已經有了,如何讓我們自定義的ViewGroup使用我們自定義的LayoutParams類來添加子View呢,ViewGroup同樣提供了下面這幾個方法供我們重寫,我們重寫返回我們自定義的LayoutParams對象即可。
@Override public ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) { return new CustomGridLayout.LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs); } @Override protected ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() { return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT); } @Override protected ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) { return new LayoutParams(p); } @Override protected boolean checkLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) { return p instanceof CustomGridLayout.LayoutParams; }
measure
在onMeasure中需要做兩件事:
•計算childView的測量值以及模式
measureChildren(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
child.measure(WidthMeasureSpec, HeightMeasureSpec);
•設置ViewGroup自己的寬和高
測量ViewGroup的大小,如果layout_width和layout_height是match_parent或具體的xxxdp,就很簡答了,直接調用setMeasuredDimension()方法,設置ViewGroup的寬高即可,如果是wrap_content,就比較麻煩了,我們需要遍歷所有的子View,然後對每個子View進行測量,然後根據子View的排列規則,計算出最終ViewGroup的大小。
注意:在自定義View第一篇講SpecMode時,曾說到UNSPECIFIED一般都是父控件是AdapterView,通過measure方法傳入的模式。在這裡恰好就用到了。
@Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec); int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec); int sizeWidth = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec); int sizeHeight = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec); //UNSPECIFIED一般都是父控件是AdapterView,通過measure方法傳入的模式 final int childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(sizeWidth, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED); final int childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(sizeHeight, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED); measureChildren(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); int childCount = this.getChildCount(); int line = childCount % colums == 0 ? childCount / colums : (childCount + colums) / colums; //寬布局為wrap_content時,childWidth取childView寬的最大值,否則動態計算 if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { View child = this.getChildAt(i); childWidth = Math.max(childWidth, child.getMeasuredWidth()); } } else if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) { childWidth = (sizeWidth - (colums - 1) * hSpace) / colums; } //高布局為wrap_content時,childHeight取childView高的最大值,否則動態計算 if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { View child = this.getChildAt(i); childHeight = Math.max(childHeight, child.getMeasuredHeight()); } } else if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) { childHeight = (sizeHeight - (line - 1) * vSpace) / line; } //遍歷每個子view,將它們左上角坐標保存在它們的LayoutParams中,為後面onLayout服務 for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { View child = this.getChildAt(i); LayoutParams lParams = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); lParams.left = (i % colums) * (childWidth + hSpace); lParams.top = (i / colums) * (childHeight + vSpace); } //當寬高為wrap_content時,分別計算出的viewGroup寬高 int wrapWidth; int wrapHeight; if (childCount < colums) { wrapWidth = childCount * childWidth + (childCount - 1) * hSpace; } else { wrapWidth = colums * childWidth + (colums - 1) * hSpace; } wrapHeight = line * childHeight + (line - 1) * vSpace; setMeasuredDimension(widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST? wrapWidth:sizeWidth,heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST? wrapHeight:sizeHeight); }
layout
最核心的就是調用layout方法,根據我們measure階段獲得的LayoutParams中的left和top字段,也很好對每個子View進行位置排列。
@Override protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) { int childCount = this.getChildCount(); for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { View child = this.getChildAt(i); LayoutParams lParams = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); child.layout(lParams.left, lParams.top, lParams.left + childWidth, lParams.top + childHeight); } }
draw
ViewGroup在draw階段,其實就是按照子類的排列順序,調用子類的onDraw方法,因為我們只是View的容器,本身一般不需要draw額外的修飾,所以往往在onDraw方法裡面,只需要調用ViewGroup的onDraw默認實現方法即可。不需要重寫。
最後,在自定義ViewGroup中定義GridAdatper接口,以便在外部可以為ViewGroup設置適配器。
public interface GridAdatper { View getView(int index); int getCount(); } /** 設置適配器 */ public void setGridAdapter(GridAdatper adapter) { this.adapter = adapter; // 動態添加視圖 int size = adapter.getCount(); for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { addView(adapter.getView(i)); } }
並且在自定義ViewGroup中定義OnItemClickListener接口,以便在外部可以獲取到childView的點擊事件。
public interface OnItemClickListener { void onItemClick(View v, int index); } public void setOnItemClickListener(final OnItemClickListener listener) { if (this.adapter == null) return; for (int i = 0; i < adapter.getCount(); i++) { final int index = i; View view = getChildAt(i); view.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { listener.onItemClick(v, index); } }); } }
使用自定義的CustomViewGroup
布局文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.hx.customgridview" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#303030" android:orientation="vertical" > <com.hx.customgridview.CustomGridLayout android:id="@+id/gridview" android:layout_width="200dp" android:layout_height="300dp" android:background="#1e1d1d" app:hSpace="10" app:vSpace="10" app:numColumns="3"/> </LinearLayout>
grid_item:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:gravity="center" android:orientation="vertical" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/iv" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:scaleType="fitXY"/> </LinearLayout>
Java文件:
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); grid = (CustomGridLayout) findViewById(R.id.gridview); grid.setGridAdapter(new GridAdatper() { @Override public View getView(int index) { View view = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.grid_item, null); ImageView iv = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv); iv.setImageResource(srcs[index]); return view; } @Override public int getCount() { return srcs.length; } }); grid.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(View v, int index) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "item="+index, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } }
運行後效果圖如下:
改變一下布局:
<com.hx.customgridview.CustomGridLayout android:id="@+id/gridview" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="#1e1d1d" app:hSpace="10" app:vSpace="10" app:numColumns="3"/>
再改變
<com.hx.customgridview.CustomGridLayout android:id="@+id/gridview" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#1e1d1d" app:hSpace="10" app:vSpace="10" app:numColumns="3"/>
再變
<com.hx.customgridview.CustomGridLayout android:id="@+id/gridview" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="#1e1d1d" app:hSpace="10" app:vSpace="10" app:numColumns="4"/>
Demo下載地址:http://xiazai.jb51.net/201609/yuanma/CustomGridLayout(jb51.net).rar
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持本站。
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