Android6.0動態申請權限那些坑以及避免用戶選擇不再提示後無法獲取權限的問題

Android6.0 為了保護用戶隱私，將一些權限的申請放在了應用運行的時候去申請， 比如以往的開發中，開發人員只需要將需要的權限在清單文件中配置即可，安裝後用戶可以在設置中的應用信息中看到：XX應用以獲取****權限。用戶點擊可以選擇給應用相應的權限。此前的應用權限用戶可以選擇允許、提醒和拒絕。在安裝的時候用戶是已經知道應用需要的權限的。但是這樣存在一個問題，就是用戶在安裝的時候，應用需要的權限十分的多(有些開發者為了省事，會請求一些不必要的權限或者請求全部的權限)，這個時候用戶在安裝應用的時候也許並沒有發現某些侵犯自己隱私的權限請求，安裝之後才發現自己的隱私數據被竊取。其實Android6.0 動態權限一方面是為了廣大用戶考慮，另一方面其實是Google為了避免一些不必要的官司。下面就說一下Android6.0對權限的分割：

下面是對權限的總結：

首先是大家感興趣的危險權限

這類權限需要在需要的時候，需要我們動態申請，比如：當我們需要打開相機拍攝照片的時候需要我們通過代碼的方式在需要的地方去申請權限。Android6.0中權限問題中我們需要注意的是：

1：由於權限API的問題，我們的Actiivty最好是AppCompatActivity類型的，也就是說在你的BaseActivity需要繼承AppCompatActivity

2：權限是分組的，同一組的權限申請其中一個，同組的權限就全部都申請了

特殊權限 組：

CALENDAR 日歷

CAMERA 相機

CONTACTS 聯系人

LOCATION 定位

MICROPHONE 麥克相關，比如錄音

PHONE 手機狀態

SENSORS 傳感器

SMS 短信

STORAGE 存儲權限

具體的權限分組情況如下表：

以下是需要單獨申請的權限，共分為9組，每組只要有一個權限申請成功了，就默認整組權限都可以使用了。

group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS

permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS group:android.permission-group.PHONE permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.USE_SIP permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR group:android.permission-group.CAMERA permission:android.permission.CAMERA group:android.permission-group.SENSORS permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS group:android.permission-group.LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION group:android.permission-group.STORAGE permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO group:android.permission-group.SMS permission:android.permission.READ_SMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

普通權限的總結：

ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS 定位權限ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE 網絡狀態權限ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY 通知 APP通知顯示在狀態欄ACCESS_WIFI_STATE WiFi狀態權限BLUETOOTH 使用藍牙權限BLUETOOTH_ADMIN 控制藍牙開關BROADCAST_STICKY 粘性廣播CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE 改變網絡狀態CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE 改變WiFi多播狀態，應該是控制手機熱點(猜測)CHANGE_WIFI_STATE 控制WiFi開關，改變WiFi狀態DISABLE_KEYGUARD 改變鍵盤為不可用EXPAND_STATUS_BAR 擴展bar的狀態GET_PACKAGE_SIZE 獲取應用安裝包大小INTERNET 網絡權限KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES 殺死後台進程MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS 改變音頻輸出設置NFC 支付READ_SYNC_SETTINGS 獲取手機設置信息READ_SYNC_STATS 數據統計RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED 監聽啟動廣播REORDER_TASKS 創建新棧REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES 安裝應用程序SET_TIME_ZONE 允許應用程序設置系統時間區域SET_WALLPAPER 設置壁紙SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS 設置壁紙上的提示信息，個性化語言TRANSMIT_IR 紅外發射USE_FINGERPRINT 指紋識別VIBRATE 震動WAKE_LOCK 鎖屏WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS 改變設置SET_ALARM 設置警告提示INSTALL_SHORTCUT 創建快捷方式UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT 刪除快捷方式以上這些只是普通權限，我們開發的時候，正常使用就行了，需要的權限在清單文件配置即可。

申請步驟

將targetSdkVersion設置為23，注意，如果你將targetSdkVersion設置為>=23，則必須按照Android谷歌的要求，動態的申請權限，如果你暫時不打算支持動態權限申請，則targetSdkVersion最大只能設置為22.

2 在AndroidManifest.xml中申請你需要的權限，包括普通權限和需要申請的特殊權限。

3.開始申請權限，此處分為3部。

(1)檢查是否由此權限checkSelfPermission()，如果已經開啟，則直接做你想做的。

(2)如果未開啟，則判斷是否需要向用戶解釋為何申請權限shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale。

(3)如果需要(即返回true)，則可以彈出對話框提示用戶申請權限原因，用戶確認後申請權限requestPermissions()，如果不需要(即返回false)，則直接申請權限requestPermissions()。單個權限申請.png

/**

* Requests permission. * * @param activity * @param requestCode request code, e.g. if you need request CAMERA permission,parameters is PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA */ public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) { if (activity == null) { return; } Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission requestCode:" + requestCode); if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) { Log.w(TAG, "requestPermission illegal requestCode:" + requestCode); return; } final String requestPermission = requestPermissions[requestCode]; //如果是6.0以下的手機，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission()會始終等於PERMISSION_GRANTED， // 但是，如果用戶關閉了你申請的權限(如下圖，在安裝的時候，將一些權限關閉了)，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission()則可能會導致程序崩潰(java.lang.RuntimeException: Unknown exception code: 1 msg null)， // 你可以使用try{}catch(){},處理異常，也可以判斷系統版本，低於23就不申請權限，直接做你想做的。permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);// if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {// permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);// return;// } int checkSelfPermission; try { checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission); } catch (RuntimeException e) { Toast.makeText(activity, "please open this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show(); Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage()); return; } if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { Log.i(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED"); if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) { Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale"); shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission); } else { Log.d(TAG, "requestCameraPermission else"); ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{requestPermission}, requestCode); } } else { Log.d(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission ==== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED"); Toast.makeText(activity, "opened:" + requestPermissions[requestCode], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//得到權限的時候，就可以在回調裡面做你想做的事情了 permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode); } }

備注!!!

(1)checkSelfPermission：檢查是否擁有這個權限

(2)requestPermissions：請求權限，一般會彈出一個系統對話框，詢問用戶是否開啟這個權限。(3)shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale：Android原生系統中，如果第二次彈出權限申請的對話框，會出現“以後不再彈出”的提示框，如果用戶勾選了，你再申請權限， 則shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale返回true，意思是說要給用戶一個 解釋，告訴用戶為什麼要這個權限。然而，在實際開發中，需要注意的是，很多手機對原生 系統做了修改，比如小米，小米4的6.0的shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale 就一直返回false，而且在申請權限時，如果用戶選擇了拒絕，則不會再彈出對話框了 。。。。 所以說這個地方有坑，我的解決方法是，在回調裡面處理，如果用戶拒絕了這個權限，則打開本應用信息界面，由用戶自己手動開啟這個權限。(4)每個應用都有自己的權限管理界面，裡面有本應用申請的權限以及各種狀態，即使用戶已經同意了你申請的權限，他也隨時可以關閉

注意事項

 

 

API問題

由於checkSelfPermission和requestPermissions從API 23才加入，低於23版本，需要在運行時判斷 或者使用Support Library v4中提供的方法

ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale

 

 

多系統問題

當我們支持了6.0必須也要支持4.4，5.0這些系統，所以需要在很多情況下，需要有兩套處理。比如Camera權限

[java] view plain copy

print?

if(isMarshmallow()){

requestPermission();//然後在回調中處理

}else{

useCamera();//低於6.0直接使用Camera

}

兩個特殊權限

特殊權限，顧名思義，就是一些特別敏感的權限，在Android系統中，主要由兩個

SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW，設置懸浮窗，進行一些黑科技

WRITE_SETTINGS 修改系統設置

關於上面兩個特殊權限的授權，做法是使用startActivityForResult啟動授權界面來完成。

請求SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW

[java] view plain copy

print?

privatestaticfinalintREQUEST_CODE=1;

privatevoidrequestAlertWindowPermission(){

Intentintent=newIntent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION);

intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:"+getPackageName()));

startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_CODE);

}

@Override

protectedvoidonActivityResult(intrequestCode,intresultCode,Intentdata){

super.onActivityResult(requestCode,resultCode,data);

if(requestCode==REQUEST_CODE){

if(Settings.canDrawOverlays(this)){

Log.i(LOGTAG,"onActivityResultgranted");

}

}

}

上述代碼需要注意的是

使用Action Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION啟動隱式Intent

使用"package:" + getPackageName()攜帶App的包名信息

使用Settings.canDrawOverlays方法判斷授權結果

請求WRITE_SETTINGS

[java] view plain copy

print?

privatestaticfinalintREQUEST_CODE_WRITE_SETTINGS=2;

privatevoidrequestWriteSettings(){

Intentintent=newIntent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS);

intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:"+getPackageName()));

startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_CODE_WRITE_SETTINGS);

}

@Override

protectedvoidonActivityResult(intrequestCode,intresultCode,Intentdata){

super.onActivityResult(requestCode,resultCode,data);

if(requestCode==REQUEST_CODE_WRITE_SETTINGS){

if(Settings.System.canWrite(this)){

Log.i(LOGTAG,"onActivityResultwritesettingsgranted");

}

}

}

上述代碼需要注意的是

使用Action Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS 啟動隱式Intent

使用"package:" + getPackageName()攜帶App的包名信息

使用Settings.System.canWrite方法檢測授權結果

注意：關於這兩個特殊權限，一般不建議應用申請。

關於本demo的所有代碼:

整個申請權限工具類代碼

package com.example.android.system.runtimepermissions;import android.Manifest;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.pm.PackageManager;import android.net.Uri;import android.provider.Settings;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.util.Log;import android.widget.Toast;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;/** * Created by qianxiaoai on 2016/7/7. */public class PermissionUtils { private static final String TAG = PermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName(); public static final int CODE_RECORD_AUDIO = 0; public static final int CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1; public static final int CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE = 2; public static final int CODE_CALL_PHONE = 3; public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 4; public static final int CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 5; public static final int CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = 6; public static final int CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 7; public static final int CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 8; public static final int CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION = 100; public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO = Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO; public static final String PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS = Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS; public static final String PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE = Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE; public static final String PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE = Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE; public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA = Manifest.permission.CAMERA; public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION; public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION; public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE; public static final String PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE; private static final String[] requestPermissions = { PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO, PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS, PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE, PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE, PERMISSION_CAMERA, PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }; interface PermissionGrant { void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode); } /** * Requests permission. * * @param activity * @param requestCode request code, e.g. if you need request CAMERA permission,parameters is PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA */ public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) { if (activity == null) { return; } Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission requestCode:" + requestCode); if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) { Log.w(TAG, "requestPermission illegal requestCode:" + requestCode); return; } final String requestPermission = requestPermissions[requestCode]; //如果是6.0以下的手機，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission()會始終等於PERMISSION_GRANTED， // 但是，如果用戶關閉了你申請的權限，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(),會導致程序崩潰(java.lang.RuntimeException: Unknown exception code: 1 msg null)， // 你可以使用try{}catch(){},處理異常，也可以在這個地方，低於23就什麼都不做， // 個人建議try{}catch(){}單獨處理，提示用戶開啟權限。// if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {// return;// } int checkSelfPermission; try { checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission); } catch (RuntimeException e) { Toast.makeText(activity, "please open this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show(); Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage()); return; } if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { Log.i(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED"); if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) { Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale"); shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission); } else { Log.d(TAG, "requestCameraPermission else"); ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{requestPermission}, requestCode); } } else { Log.d(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission ==== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED"); Toast.makeText(activity, "opened:" + requestPermissions[requestCode], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode); } } private static void requestMultiResult(Activity activity, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) { if (activity == null) { return; } //TODO Log.d(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult permissions length:" + permissions.length); Map perms = new HashMap<>(); ArrayList notGranted = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) { Log.d(TAG, "permissions: [i]:" + i + ", permissions[i]" + permissions[i] + ",grantResults[i]:" + grantResults[i]); perms.put(permissions[i], grantResults[i]); if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { notGranted.add(permissions[i]); } } if (notGranted.size() == 0) { Toast.makeText(activity, "all permission success" + notGranted, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show(); permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION); } else { openSettingActivity(activity, "those permission need granted!"); } } /** * 一次申請多個權限 */ public static void requestMultiPermissions(final Activity activity, PermissionGrant grant) { final List permissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity, false); final List shouldRationalePermissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity, true); //TODO checkSelfPermission if (permissionsList == null || shouldRationalePermissionsList == null) { return; } Log.d(TAG, "requestMultiPermissions permissionsList:" + permissionsList.size() + ",shouldRationalePermissionsList:" + shouldRationalePermissionsList.size()); if (permissionsList.size() > 0) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]), CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION); Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions"); } else if (shouldRationalePermissionsList.size() > 0) { showMessageOKCancel(activity, "should open those permission", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, shouldRationalePermissionsList.toArray(new String[shouldRationalePermissionsList.size()]), CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION); Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions"); } }); } else { grant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION); } } private static void shouldShowRationale(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, final String requestPermission) { //TODO String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions); showMessageOKCancel(activity, "Rationale: " + permissionsHint[requestCode], new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{requestPermission}, requestCode); Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions:" + requestPermission); } }); } private static void showMessageOKCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) { new AlertDialog.Builder(context) .setMessage(message) .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener) .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null) .create() .show(); } /** * @param activity * @param requestCode Need consistent with requestPermission * @param permissions * @param grantResults */ public static void requestPermissionsResult(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) { if (activity == null) { return; } Log.d(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode); if (requestCode == CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION) { requestMultiResult(activity, permissions, grantResults, permissionGrant); return; } if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) { Log.w(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult illegal requestCode:" + requestCode); Toast.makeText(activity, "illegal requestCode:" + requestCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode + ",permissions:" + permissions.toString() + ",grantResults:" + grantResults.toString() + ",length:" + grantResults.length); if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult PERMISSION_GRANTED"); //TODO success, do something, can use callback permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode); } else { //TODO hint user this permission function Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult PERMISSION NOT GRANTED"); //TODO String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions); openSettingActivity(activity, "Result" + permissionsHint[requestCode]); } } private static void openSettingActivity(final Activity activity, String message) { showMessageOKCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS); Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName(): " + activity.getPackageName()); Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null); intent.setData(uri); activity.startActivity(intent); } }); } /** * @param activity * @param isShouldRationale true: return no granted and shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale permissions, false:return no granted and !shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale * @return */ public static ArrayList getNoGrantedPermission(Activity activity, boolean isShouldRationale) { ArrayList permissions = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < requestPermissions.length; i++) { String requestPermission = requestPermissions[i]; //TODO checkSelfPermission int checkSelfPermission = -1; try { checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission); } catch (RuntimeException e) { Toast.makeText(activity, "please open those permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show(); Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage()); return null; } if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { Log.i(TAG, "getNoGrantedPermission ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED:" + requestPermission); if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) { Log.d(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale if"); if (isShouldRationale) { permissions.add(requestPermission); } } else { if (!isShouldRationale) { permissions.add(requestPermission); } Log.d(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale else"); } } } return permissions; }}

界面調用代碼package com.example.android.system.runtimepermissions;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Toast;import com.example.android.common.logger.Log;/** * Created by qianxiaoai on 2016/7/8. */public class PermissionActivity extends FragmentActivity implements ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback{ private static final String TAG = PermissionActivity.class.getSimpleName(); @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_permission); FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); PermissionsFragment fragment = new PermissionsFragment(); transaction.replace(R.id.content_fragment, fragment); transaction.commit(); } /** * Called when the 'show camera' button is clicked. * Callback is defined in resource layout definition. */ public void showCamera(View view) { Log.i(TAG, "Show camera button pressed. Checking permission."); PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA, mPermissionGrant); } public void getAccounts(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS, mPermissionGrant); } public void callPhone(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE, mPermissionGrant); } public void readPhoneState(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE, mPermissionGrant); } public void accessFineLocation(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant); } public void accessCoarseLocation(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant); } public void readExternalStorage(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant); } public void writeExternalStorage(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant); } public void recordAudio(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO, mPermissionGrant); } private PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant mPermissionGrant = new PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant() { @Override public void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode) { switch (requestCode) { case PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO: Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_RECORD_AUDIO", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS: Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE: Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE: Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CALL_PHONE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA: Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CAMERA", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION: Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION: Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; default: break; } } }; /** * Callback received when a permissions request has been completed. */ @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { PermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults, mPermissionGrant); }}

xml布局 android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/horizontal_page_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/horizontal_page_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/vertical_page_margin" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/vertical_page_margin" android:orientation="vertical" > android:id="@+id/content_fragment" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="0dp" android:layout_weight="1"/> android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="0dp" android:layout_weight="1">android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical">android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal">android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Camera" android:id="@+id/button_camera" android:onClick="showCamera"/>android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="RECORD_AUDIO" android:onClick="recordAudio"/> android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal">android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="GET_ACCOUNTS" android:onClick="getAccounts"/> android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="CALL_PHONE" android:onClick="callPhone"/> android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE" android:onClick="readPhoneState"/>android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" android:onClick="accessFineLocation"/>android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" android:onClick="accessCoarseLocation"/>android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" android:onClick="readExternalStorage"/>android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" android:onClick="writeExternalStorage"/>

清單文件申請的權限

部分資源文件 @string/permission_recode_audio_hint @string/permission_get_accounts_hint @string/permission_read_phone_hint @string/permission_call_phone_hint @string/permission_camera_hint @string/permission_access_fine_location_hint @string/permission_access_coarse_location_hint @string/permission_read_external_hint @string/permission_white_external_hint 沒有此權限，無法開啟這個功能，請開啟權限。PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS 沒有此權限，無法開啟這個功能，請開啟權限。PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE 沒有此權限，無法開啟這個功能，請開啟權限。PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE 沒有此權限，無法開啟這個功能，請開啟權限。PERMISSION_CAMERA 沒有此權限，無法開啟這個功能，請開啟權限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 沒有此權限，無法開啟這個功能，請開啟權限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 沒有此權限，無法開啟這個功能，請開啟權限。PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 沒有此權限，無法開啟這個功能，請開啟權限。PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 沒有此權限，無法開啟這個功能，請開啟權限。PERMISSION_RE

關於自定義權限申請彈框 避免用戶不再申請的問題

Android6.0版本(Api 23)推出了很多新的特性, 大幅提升了用戶體驗, 同時也為程序員帶來新的負擔.動態權限管理就是這樣, 一方面讓用戶更加容易的控制自己的隱私, 一方面需要重新適配應用權限. 時代總是不斷發展, 程序總是以人為本, 讓我們為應用添加動態權限管理吧! 這裡提供了一個非常不錯的解決方案, 提供源碼, 項目可以直接使用.

 

 

Android系統包含默認的授權提示框, 但是我們仍需要設置自己的頁面. 原因是系統提供的授權框, 會有不再提示的選項. 如果用戶選擇, 則無法觸發授權提示. 使用自定義的提示頁面, 可以給予用戶手動修改授權的指導.

本文示例GitHub下載地址.

在Api 23中, 權限需要動態獲取, 核心權限必須滿足. 標准流程:

 

 

如果用戶點擊,不再提示, 則系統授權彈窗將不會彈出. 流程變為:

 

 

流程就這些, 讓我們看看代碼吧.

 

 

1. 權限

在AndroidManifest中, 添加兩個權限,錄音和修改音量.

危險權限必須要授權, 一般權限不需要.

檢測權限類

/**

* 檢查權限的工具類

*

* Created by wangchenlong on 16/1/26. */public class PermissionsChecker {private final Context mContext; public PermissionsChecker(Context context) { mContext = context.getApplicationContext(); } // 判斷權限集合public boolean lacksPermissions(String... permissions) { for (String permission : permissions) { if (lacksPermission(permission)) { return true; } } return false; } // 判斷是否缺少權限private boolean lacksPermission(String permission) { return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED; } }

 

 

2. 首頁

假設首頁需要使用權限, 在頁面顯示前, 即onResume時, 檢測權限,

如果缺少, 則進入權限獲取頁面; 接收返回值, 拒絕權限時, 直接關閉.

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 0; // 請求碼// 所需的全部權限static final String[] PERMISSIONS = new String[]{

Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO,

Manifest.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS

};

@Bind(R.id.main_t_toolbar) Toolbar mTToolbar;

private PermissionsChecker mPermissionsChecker; // 權限檢測器@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

ButterKnife.bind(this);

setSupportActionBar(mTToolbar);

mPermissionsChecker = new PermissionsChecker(this);

}

@Override protected void onResume() {

super.onResume();

// 缺少權限時, 進入權限配置頁面if (mPermissionsChecker.lacksPermissions(PERMISSIONS)) {

startPermissionsActivity();

}

}

private void startPermissionsActivity() {

PermissionsActivity.startActivityForResult(this, REQUEST_CODE, PERMISSIONS);

}

@Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {

super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

// 拒絕時, 關閉頁面, 缺少主要權限, 無法運行if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == PermissionsActivity.PERMISSIONS_DENIED) {

finish();

}

}

}

核心權限必須滿足, 如攝像應用, 攝像頭權限就是必須的, 如果用戶不予授權, 則直接關閉.

 

 

3. 授權頁

授權頁, 首先使用系統默認的授權頁, 當用戶拒絕時, 指導用戶手動設置, 當用戶再次操作失敗後, 返回繼續提示. 用戶手動退出授權頁時, 給使用頁發送授權失敗的通知.

/**

* 權限獲取頁面

*

* Created by wangchenlong on 16/1/26. */public class PermissionsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {public static final int PERMISSIONS_GRANTED = 0; // 權限授權public static final int PERMISSIONS_DENIED = 1; // 權限拒絕private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 0; // 系統權限管理頁面的參數private static final String EXTRA_PERMISSIONS = "me.chunyu.clwang.permission.extra_permission"; // 權限參數private static final String PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME = "package:"; // 方案private PermissionsChecker mChecker; // 權限檢測器private boolean isRequireCheck; // 是否需要系統權限檢測// 啟動當前權限頁面的公開接口public static void startActivityForResult(Activity activity, int requestCode, String... permissions) { Intent intent = new Intent(activity, PermissionsActivity.class); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS, permissions); ActivityCompat.startActivityForResult(activity, intent, requestCode, null); } @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); if (getIntent() == null || !getIntent().hasExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS)) { throw new RuntimeException("PermissionsActivity需要使用靜態startActivityForResult方法啟動!"); } setContentView(R.layout.activity_permissions); mChecker = new PermissionsChecker(this); isRequireCheck = true; } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); if (isRequireCheck) { String[] permissions = getPermissions(); if (mChecker.lacksPermissions(permissions)) { requestPermissions(permissions); // 請求權限 } else { allPermissionsGranted(); // 全部權限都已獲取 } } else { isRequireCheck = true; } } // 返回傳遞的權限參數private String[] getPermissions() { return getIntent().getStringArrayExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS); } // 請求權限兼容低版本private void requestPermissions(String... permissions) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE); } // 全部權限均已獲取private void allPermissionsGranted() { setResult(PERMISSIONS_GRANTED); finish(); } /** * 用戶權限處理, * 如果全部獲取, 則直接過. * 如果權限缺失, 則提示Dialog. * * @param requestCode 請求碼 * @param permissions 權限 * @param grantResults 結果 */@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { if (requestCode == PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE && hasAllPermissionsGranted(grantResults)) { isRequireCheck = true; allPermissionsGranted(); } else { isRequireCheck = false; showMissingPermissionDialog(); } } // 含有全部的權限private boolean hasAllPermissionsGranted(@NonNull int[] grantResults) { for (int grantResult : grantResults) { if (grantResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) { return false; } } return true; } // 顯示缺失權限提示private void showMissingPermissionDialog() { AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(PermissionsActivity.this); builder.setTitle(R.string.help); builder.setMessage(R.string.string_help_text); // 拒絕, 退出應用 builder.setNegativeButton(R.string.quit, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { setResult(PERMISSIONS_DENIED); finish(); } }); builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.settings, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { startAppSettings(); } }); builder.show(); } // 啟動應用的設置private void startAppSettings() { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS); intent.setData(Uri.parse(PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME + getPackageName())); startActivity(intent); } }

注意isRequireCheck參數的使用, 防止和系統提示框重疊.

系統授權提示: ActivityCompat.requestPermissions, ActivityCompat兼容低版本.

效果

 

 

關鍵部分就這些了, 動態權限授權雖然給程序員帶來了一些麻煩, 但是對用戶還是很有必要的, 我們也應該歡迎, 畢竟每個程序員都是半個產品經理.