編輯:關於Android編程
引:一直想寫View,GroupView控件的事件派發流程.終於現在一口氣都寫出來.一鼓作氣!當然考慮了很久應該用怎麼樣的方式寫這些流程性的東西,應該用什麼用的語言來描述.後來想就按照聊天的方式把!盡量把整個派發過程都寫下來,並且實現一個簡單的山寨派發流程.有點只見樹不見山的感覺.但是覺得自己寫一次view的事件派發勝過再多的理論!
首先我們來看看view的事件派發.
關鍵函數 public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event); public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event);
看看一個簡單的”演示代碼-1”.
繼承view並且在dispatchTouchEvent和onTouchEvent添加打印信息.
MainActivity.java
package com.dsliang.eventdispatch; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } }
EventDispatchView.java
package com.dsliang.eventdispatch; import android.content.Context; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; /** * Created by dsliang on 16-7-31. */ public class EventDispatchView extends View { public static String Tag = EventDispatchView.class.getSimpleName(); public EventDispatchView(Context context) { super(context); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); } @Override public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); result = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); result = super.onTouchEvent(event); Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } }
activity_main.xml
其實在上面的”演示代碼-1”裡面我們其實什麼事情都沒處理.看看在模擬器上運行的效果是怎麼樣把.
結論:當我們點擊紅色區域的時候.先後打印出dispatchTouchEvent,onTouchEvent.在這裡我們可以知道分發過程必定是先調用dispatchTouchEvent函數然後再調用onTouchEvent函數.
如果你的代碼這樣寫,那麼對於我這篇文章你就沒必要繼續看下去了.事實上我的代碼不應該這樣寫!
然後看看接下來的”演示代碼-2”.我們僅僅修改文件EventDispatchView.java文件.
EventDispatchView.java
package com.dsliang.eventdispatch; import android.content.Context; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; /** * Created by dsliang on 16-7-31. */ public class EventDispatchView extends View { public static String Tag = EventDispatchView.class.getSimpleName(); public EventDispatchView(Context context) { super(context); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); } @Override public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); // result = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); result = false; Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); // result = super.onTouchEvent(event); result = false; Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } }
我們在dispatchTouchEvent函數裡面返回false並且調用父類的dispatchTouchEvent方法.對onTouchEvent函數我們也進行同樣的修改.(對於此時,兩個函數的返回值是true/false對目前)
結論:很明顯能看到onTouchEvent函數並沒有調用.那麼就是說明其實在父類的dispatchTouchEvent裡面一定是調用了onTouchEvent函數.
這個道理你懂了以後我們要達到父類的相同效果,我們現在就針對dispatchTouchEvent進行一番修改.
現在我們也是只修改EventDispatchView.java文件.
EventDispatchView.java
package com.dsliang.eventdispatch; import android.content.Context; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; /** * Created by dsliang on 16-7-31. */ public class EventDispatchView extends View { public static String Tag = EventDispatchView.class.getSimpleName(); public EventDispatchView(Context context) { super(context); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); } @Override public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); // result = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); result = doOnDispatchTouchEvent(event); Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } private boolean doOnDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { return onTouchEvent(event); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); // result = super.onTouchEvent(event); result = false; Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } }
添加doOnDispatchTouchEvent函數,在dispatchTouchEvent調用doOnDispatchTouchEvent函數,doOnDispatchTouchEvent函數調用onTouchEvent函數.這樣修改效果基本就和父類有一樣的行為了.
從上面的效果圖也可以看出的確現在這樣修改以後和"演示代碼-1"行為上看起來好像已經是一致了.
但是現在我又注意到一個問題!event.getAction函數返回是0?進去MotionEvent類看看0代表什麼.其實0就是ACTION_DOWN.原來是按鈕按下事件.但是也是不科學吧?稍稍有android事件的常事我們都會意識到.點擊過程至少會有三個事件會觸發.分別是按下,移動,抬起.怎麼說再不賴也得有抬起事件把?
來到這裡,首先拋出一個結論.如果dispatchTouchEvent在按下事件返回false說明此控件並沒有消耗此次事件.那麼系統(在view的角度觸發你可以認為是系統,但是准確來說應該是你的包含你空間的布局容器)會認為你對接下來的一系列事件(移動,抬起)都不感興趣.簡單說就是在收到按下事件的時候返回false,接下來的移動,抬起事件都不會傳遞到次控件.(這個結論在下一篇”Android GroupView控件的事件派發”會具體闡述說明)
嗯嗯,那麼稍稍把onTouchEvent的會返回值修改一下.這個就是我們的”演示代碼-3”了.同樣也是只修改EventDispatchView.java文件.
EventDispatchView.java
package com.dsliang.eventdispatch; import android.content.Context; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; /** * Created by dsliang on 16-7-31. */ public class EventDispatchView extends View { public static String Tag = EventDispatchView.class.getSimpleName(); public EventDispatchView(Context context) { super(context); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); } @Override public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); // result = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); result = doOnDispatchTouchEvent(event); Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } private boolean doOnDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { return onTouchEvent(event); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); // result = super.onTouchEvent(event); result = true; Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } }
現在這樣可以看的按下,移動,抬起都派發給我們的EventDispatchView控件了!
現在我們先來一個小總結.
1,dispatchTouchEvent函數會調用onTouchEvent函數
2,只有在按下到來的時候dispatchTouchEvent返回true才會接收到移動,抬起事件.
看起來這一節應該是結束的節奏了吧?圖樣圖森破了!
你是忘了在使用控件的時候,可以設置點擊事件和接聽滑動事件麼?
接下來看看”演示代碼-4”.為了突出點擊事件,滑動事件.dispatchTouchEvent和onTouchEvent只調用父類的方法.另外給EventDispatchView設置點擊事件和滑動事件的監聽函數.
MainActivity.java
package com.dsliang.eventdispatch; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; public class MainActivity extends Activity { public static String Tag = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName(); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); View view = findViewById(R.id.viewEventDispatchView); view.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Log.d(Tag, "onClick"); } }); view.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() { @Override public boolean onTouch(View view, MotionEvent motionEvent) { Log.d(Tag, "onTouch"); return true; } }); } }
EventDispatchView.java
package com.dsliang.eventdispatch; import android.content.Context; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; /** * Created by dsliang on 16-7-31. */ public class EventDispatchView extends View { public static String Tag = EventDispatchView.class.getSimpleName(); public EventDispatchView(Context context) { super(context); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); } @Override public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); result = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); // result = doOnDispatchTouchEvent(event); Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } private boolean doOnDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { return onTouchEvent(event); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); result = super.onTouchEvent(event); // result = true; Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } }
activity_main.xml
這裡有兩個地方需要注意:
1,onTouch函數返回false.onTouch函數的返回值會對派發事件有什麼影響?
2,dispatchTouchEvent函數和onTouchEvent函數均使用父類方法的返回值作為返回值.意味著我們只能獲取到按下事件.(並沒有消耗按下事件)
仔細看看,當我們設置了點擊事件監聽函數之後super.onTouchEvent(event)居然返回true了!不科學呀,明顯很之前的有矛盾把?
先給出結論:設置了點擊事件回調函數後會改變super.onTouchEvent函數的默認行為.
/** * Register a callback to be invoked when this view is clicked. If this view is not * clickable, it becomes clickable. * * @param l The callback that will run * * @see #setClickable(boolean) */ public void setOnClickListener(@Nullable OnClickListener l) { if (!isClickable()) { setClickable(true); } getListenerInfo().mOnClickListener = l; } ... /** * Enables or disables click events for this view. When a view * is clickable it will change its state to "pressed" on every click. * Subclasses should set the view clickable to visually react to * user's clicks. * * @param clickable true to make the view clickable, false otherwise * * @see #isClickable() * @attr ref android.R.styleable#View_clickable */ public void setClickable(boolean clickable) { setFlags(clickable ? CLICKABLE : 0, CLICKABLE); } ...
設置點擊回調函數以後,setClickable函數將CLICKABLE置1了.(flags的CLICKABLE位).
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { ... /* 當設置了點擊事件回調函數,次條件成立.然後無論是 ACTION_UP,ACTION_DOWN,ACTION_CANCEL,ACTION_MOVE都返回true */ if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE) || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) { switch (action) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: ... break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: ... break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL: ... break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: ... break; } return true; } return false; } ... public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { ... if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) { //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo; if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) { result = true; } if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) { result = true; } } ... } ...
事實上只有設置了點擊回調函數/長按回調函數均會返回ture.所以也解釋了為什麼設置回調函數後super.onTouchEvent返回值變成true了.
仔細的同學可能發現了onClick回調函數是在ACTION_UP事件裡面調用.這很符合我們使用習慣!哪一個軟件不是松開手才調用按鈕事件呢?具體情況是performClick函數負責調用onClick函數.
當然有更仔細的同學發現另一個問題了!super.dispatchTouchEvent在調用onTouchEvent函數之前會調用onTouch函數並且根據onTouch函數的返回值判斷是否返回!!!這意味了什麼?意味著如果你同時設置了onClick函數onTouch的情況下,如果onTouch返回false.那麼一切都正常你不會發現什麼很玄的東西.但是一旦你講onTouch返回true.那麼問題就會來了.onClick函數沒有如願的調用.就下下面展示的圖片一樣.
到這裡我們摸透view派發事件的默認行為了,那麼我們模仿來寫一個屬於我們理解的派發過程把!
“演示代碼-5”
MainActivity.java
package com.dsliang.eventdispatch; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; public class MainActivity extends Activity { public static String Tag = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName(); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); View view = findViewById(R.id.viewEventDispatchView); view.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Log.d(Tag, "onClick"); } }); view.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() { @Override public boolean onTouch(View view, MotionEvent motionEvent) { Log.d(Tag, "onTouch"); return true; } }); } }
EventDispatchView.java
package com.dsliang.eventdispatch; import android.content.Context; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; /** * Created by dsliang on 16-7-31. */ public class EventDispatchView extends View { public static String Tag = EventDispatchView.class.getSimpleName(); public EventDispatchView(Context context) { super(context); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } public EventDispatchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); } private OnTouchListener mTouchListener = null; /* onTouch子類無法訪問,當設置onTouch的時候保存對象的引用 */ @Override public void setOnTouchListener(OnTouchListener l) { super.setOnTouchListener(l); this.mTouchListener = l; } @Override public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { boolean result; Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); // result = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); if (null != this.mTouchListener && this.mTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) { return true; } result = doOnDispatchTouchEvent(event); Log.d(Tag, "dispatchTouchEvent result: " + result); return result; } private boolean doOnDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { return onTouchEvent(event); } public void callOnClickListener() { /* performClick()已經封裝了怎麼調用onclick函數 */ if (isClickable()) { performClick(); } } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { Log.d(Tag, "onTouchEvent: " + event.getAction()); // result = super.onTouchEvent(event); /* 可以點擊,可以長按 */ if (isClickable() || isLongClickable()) { switch (event.getAction()) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: ; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: callOnClickListener(); break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: ; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL: ; break; } return true; } return false; } }
activity_main.xml
理論上現在我們的EventDispatchView控件就擁有了系統默認的行為了.(在事件派發方面)
現在然我們總結一下view在事件派發方面的幾個關鍵地方:
1,事件派發首先調用doOnDispatchTouchEvent函數,然後調用onTouchEvent函數
2,根據ACTION_DOWN事件是否給消耗判,斷接下來能否接收其余的一連串事件.
3,onClick回調函數在ACTION_UP事件中才調用
4,系統在沒有設置點擊回調函數/長按回調函數的情況下view不會消耗事件.(ACTION_DOWN事件)
5,onTouch回調函數的返回值會影響點擊回調函數/長按回調函數的調用
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