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 Android教程網 >> Android技術 >> 關於Android編程 >> Android 中RecyclerView使用詳解(一)

Android 中RecyclerView使用詳解(一)

編輯:關於Android編程

概述

針對RecyclerView,谷歌有一段介紹的話:
RecyclerView is a more advanced and flexible version of ListView. This widget is a Container for large sets of views that can be recycled and scrolled very efficiently. Use the RecyclerView widget when you have lists with elements that change dynamically.
大概就是說RecyclerView是一個更加高效靈活的ListView。當你有一系列的元素需要動態加載的時候,可以使用RecyclerView這個控件。
RecyclerView提供了高度自由化定制的功能,比如:
通過LayoutManager(布局管理器),控制item的顯示方式;
通過ItemDecoration,控制item間的背景;
通過ItemAnimator,控制動態增刪item的動畫;

雖然RecyclerView提供了非常自由化的定制操作,但是它自身並不支持item的點擊事件,也不像ListView一樣能夠簡單的添加頭和尾布局。想要實現這樣的功能,同樣需要自身去實現。

從上面我們可以看出使用RecyclerView的基本步驟:

  recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recyclerView);
  recyclerView.setLayoutManager();   //設置布局管理器
  recyclerView.setAdapter();               //設置Adapter,同ListView
  recyclerView.addItemDecoration();  //設置Item的間隔背景
  recyclerView.setItemAnimator();      //設置Item增刪時的動畫

下面我將通過代碼來逐步介紹RecyclerView的具體使用。

代碼示例

1.布局文件content_main.xml




    

2.Activity中的代碼

package mo.yumf.com.mddemo;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.widget.GridLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private RecyclerView recyclerView;
    private List mDatas;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.content_main);

        initData();
        recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recyclerView);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this)); //設置布局管理器
        recyclerView.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(this,mDatas));    //設置Adapter
    }
    private void initData() {
        mDatas = new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i = 0;i < 20;i ++){
            mDatas.add("Test"+i);
        }
    }
}

3.自定義Adapter

package mo.yumf.com.mddemo;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.List;

public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter{

    private Context context;
    private List mDatas;

    public MyAdapter(Context context,List mDatas) {
        this.context = context;
        this.mDatas = mDatas;
    }

    @Override
    public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        MyViewHolder holder = new MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_recyclerview,parent,false));
        return holder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
        holder.textView.setText(mDatas.get(position));
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mDatas.size();
    }

    class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        TextView textView;
        public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            textView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.item_text);
        }
    }
}

4.item的布局文件item_recyclerview.xml




    

上述代碼執行後效果圖:

這裡寫圖片描述

可以看到上面的Item之間沒有分割線,給人感覺十分不友好,現在我們給它加上一個分割線背景。

添加分割線背景

文章開頭的部分,我們提到過設置分割線是通過方法addItemDecoration(ItemDecoration decor)。但是通過查看代碼能夠知道ItemDecoration 類是一個抽象類:

public static abstract class ItemDecoration {
    /**
     * 該方法會在item view 的繪制之前調用
     */
    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
        onDraw(c, parent);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
    }

    /**
     * 該方法會在item view 的繪制之後調用
     */
    public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
        onDrawOver(c, parent);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
    }

    @Deprecated
    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) {
        outRect.set(0, 0, 0, 0);
    }

    /**
     *為每個item設置偏移量
     */
    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
        getItemOffsets(outRect, ((LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams()).getViewLayoutPosition(),parent);
    }
}

我們在繼承該類來設置分割線時,需要用到的方法只有兩個:
1.繪制分割線 public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state);
2.設置偏移量 public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, State state);

接下來我們看看具體是如何實現繪制分割線:

package mo.yumf.com.mddemo;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.State;
import android.view.View;

public class DividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration{

    private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{ android.R.attr.listDivider };

    public static final int HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL;

    public static final int VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL;

    private Drawable mDivider;

    private int mOrientation;

    public DividerItemDecoration(Context context, int orientation) {
        final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);
        mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);
        a.recycle();
        setOrientation(orientation);
    }

    public void setOrientation(int orientation) {
        if (orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid orientation");
        }
        mOrientation = orientation;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
            if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
                    drawVertical(c, parent);
            } else {
                    drawHorizontal(c, parent);
            }
    }

    public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
        final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
        final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();

        final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
            final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
            final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
            mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            mDivider.draw(c);
        }
    }

    public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
        final int top = parent.getPaddingTop();
        final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();

        final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
            final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
            final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
            mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            mDivider.draw(c);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
            if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
                    outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
            } else {
                    outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
            }
    }
}

接著需要在原來的代碼中添加:

 recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(this,DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST));

修改之後,繼續運行:

這裡寫圖片描述

可以看到在執行addItemDecoration()之後,可以看到一條分割線。那麼如果想要繼續修改這天分割線的高度,背景色,需要怎麼辦呢?其實從上面的DividerItemDecoration類中,可以看到這條分割線的繪制是從android.R.attr.listDivider中讀取的,所以我們在設置好這個類之後,可以再修改這個屬性值來達到修改分割線的目的。如下:
系統主題設置:



    

drawable/divider_bg.xml




    
    

運行代碼,效果圖:

這裡寫圖片描述

好了,以上只是實現了類似ListView的布局效果,那麼還有沒有其他形式的布局效果呢,這就需要通過LayoutManager來實現了。

布局管理器(LayoutManager)

系統中LayoutManager是一個抽象類,他目前給我們提供了三個子類可以直接使用,如:
LinearLayoutManager:線性布局管理器,提供類似ListView的功能,如上;
GridLayoutManager:網格布局管理器;
StaggeredGridLayoutManager:瀑布流式布局管理器。

上面我們已經試過了LinearLayoutManager效果,現在我們可以繼續使用GridLayoutManager效果,修改代碼:

//     recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(this,3));   //每一行的列數

還需要重新繪制分割線,之前的DividerItemDecoration類已經不能使用了,我們需要重新繪制分割線:

package mo.yumf.com.mddemo;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.support.v7.widget.GridLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.State;
import android.support.v7.widget.StaggeredGridLayoutManager;
import android.view.View;


public class DividerGridItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration{

    private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{ android.R.attr.listDivider };

    private Drawable mDivider;

    public DividerGridItemDecoration(Context context) {
            final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);
            mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);
            a.recycle();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
            drawHorizontal(c, parent);
            drawVertical(c, parent);
    }

    public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
            int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
            for(int i = 0 ; i < childCount ; i ++){
                View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
                RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                int top = child.getTop() - params.topMargin;
                int bottom = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
                int left = child.getRight() + params.leftMargin;
                int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();

                mDivider.setBounds(left,top,right,bottom);
                mDivider.draw(c);
            }
    }

    public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
            int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
            for(int i = 0 ; i < childCount ; i ++){
                View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
                RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
                int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
                int left = child.getLeft() - params.leftMargin;
                int right = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin + mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();

                mDivider.setBounds(left,top,right,bottom);
                mDivider.draw(c);
            }
    }

    @Override
    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, State state) {

            int itemPosition = ((RecyclerView.LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams()).getViewLayoutPosition();
            int spanCount = getSpanCount(parent);
            int childCount = parent.getAdapter().getItemCount();

            if (isLastRaw(parent, itemPosition, spanCount, childCount)){  // 如果是最後一行,則不需要繪制底部
                    outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
            } else if (isLastColum(parent, itemPosition, spanCount, childCount)){ // 如果是最後一列,則不需要繪制右邊
                    outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
            } else{
                    outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(),mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
            }
    }

    private boolean isLastColum(RecyclerView parent, int pos, int spanCount, int childCount) {

            RecyclerView.LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();
            if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager){
                    if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0){  // 如果是最後一列,則不需要繪制右邊
                        return true;
                    }
            } else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager){
                    int orientation = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager).getOrientation();
                    if (orientation == StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL){
                        //  // 如果是最後一列,則不需要繪制右邊
                    } else{
                        childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;
                        if (pos >= childCount){  // 如果是最後一列,則不需要繪制右邊
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
            }
            return false;
    }

    private boolean isLastRaw(RecyclerView parent, int pos, int spanCount, int childCount) {

            RecyclerView.LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();
            if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager) {
                    childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;
                    if (pos >= childCount)// 如果是最後一行,則不需要繪制底部
                            return true;
            } else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager){
                    int orientation = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager).getOrientation();
                    // StaggeredGridLayoutManager 且縱向滾動
                    if (orientation == StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL){
                            childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;
                            // 如果是最後一行,則不需要繪制底部
                            if (pos >= childCount)
                                return true;
                    } else{
                            // StaggeredGridLayoutManager 且橫向滾動,如果是最後一行,則不需要繪制底部
                            if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0){
                                return true;
                            }
                    }
                }
            return false;
    }

    private int getSpanCount(RecyclerView parent) {
        // 列數
        int spanCount = -1;
        RecyclerView.LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();
        if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager){
                spanCount = ((GridLayoutManager) layoutManager).getSpanCount();
        }else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager){
                spanCount = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager).getSpanCount();
        }
        return spanCount;
    }
}

這個DividerGridItemDecoration類,非本人所寫,借鑒自hongyang大神^-^!!。
然後,在修改一下divider_bg.xml中的寬度:




    
    

執行後,效果圖:

這裡寫圖片描述

下面我們將繼續使用StaggeredGridLayoutManager布局管理器,來實現瀑布流的效果。
1.設置布局管理器為StaggeredGridLayoutManager
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL));
注:
在第二個參數為VERTICAL:前面的數字表示多少列;
在第二個參數為HORIZONTAL:前面的數字表示多少行;

2.設置item的分割線背景色,可以使用上面DividerGridItemDecoration類;
recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerGridItemDecoration(this));

3.在Adapter中的onBindViewHolder方法裡,為Item設置隨機的高度。

......
private List mHeights;
......

mHeights = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < mDatas.size(); i++){
    mHeights.add( (int) (100 + Math.random() * 300));
}
.....
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
        ViewGroup.LayoutParams lp = holder.textView.getLayoutParams();
        lp.height = mHeights.get(position);
        holder.textView.setLayoutParams(lp);
        holder.textView.setText(mDatas.get(position));
    }
.....

完成上述修改後,運行代碼:

這裡寫圖片描述

添加點擊功能

前面我們說過recyclerView自身並不提供點擊的接口回調,這需要我們自己實現。為了能夠到達與傳統的ListView相同的點擊效果,我們可以在自定義的Adapter中,定義一個接口,通過該接口的方法可以將View以接口回調的方式傳遞出來。代碼如下:

package mo.yumf.com.mddemo;
import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter{
    private Context context;
    private List mDatas;
    private List mHeights;
    /** 定義接口*/
    interface OnItemClickListener{
        void onItemClick(View v,int position);
    }
    private OnItemClickListener onItemClickListener;

    /** 對外提供方法,接收示例對象*/
    public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener onItemClickListener){
        this.onItemClickListener = onItemClickListener;
    }
    public MyAdapter(Context context,List mDatas) {
        this.context = context;
        this.mDatas = mDatas;
        mHeights = new ArrayList();
        for (int i = 0; i < mDatas.size(); i++){
            mHeights.add( (int) (100 + Math.random() * 300));
        }
    }
    @Override
    public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        MyViewHolder holder = new MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_recyclerview,parent,false));
        return holder;
    }
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder holder, final int position) {
        ViewGroup.LayoutParams lp = holder.textView.getLayoutParams();
        lp.height = mHeights.get(position);
        holder.textView.setLayoutParams(lp);
        holder.textView.setText(mDatas.get(position));
        if(onItemClickListener != null){
            holder.textView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    onItemClickListener.onItemClick(v,position); //使用接口回調的方法將參數傳遞出來
                }
            });
        }
    }
    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mDatas.size();
    }
    class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        TextView textView;
        public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            textView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.item_text);
        }
    }
}

-------------------------------
Activity中調用方法:

MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this,mDatas);
adapter.setOnItemClickListener(new MyAdapter.OnItemClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(View v,int position) {
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),position +"=="+((TextView)v).getText(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
});

完成上述修改後,運行代碼:

這裡寫圖片描述

以上便是RecyclerView的基本使用,接下來將繼續介紹RecyclerView的其他知識點。

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