編輯:關於Android編程
安卓v7支持包下的ListView替代品————RecyclerView
RecyclerView這個控件也出來很久了,相信大家也學習的差不多了,如果還沒學習的,或許我可以帶領大家體驗一把這個藝術般的控件。
據官方介紹,該控件是屬於之間用的非常多的ListView和GridView的替代品,既然能替代用的如此普遍的它們,這自然有其該有的優勢。
1)相對於ListView而言RecyclerView的優勢體現在:
①封裝了之前ListView的優化,封裝了之前ViewHolder的復用,這樣在自定義適配器的時候我們面向的不再是View,而是一個ViewHolder.
②提供了插板式的體驗,高度解耦,異常靈活,針對每一項的顯示抽取出了相應的類來控制每一個item的顯示。若想實現網格視圖或者瀑布流或者橫向的ListView都可以通過制定不一樣的LayoutManager來實現高大上的效果,這樣就可以針對自己的業務邏輯隨意發揮了。
③現在的RecyclerView對增刪也有了動畫的加入,並且你還可以自定義這些動畫。
④對於Adaper適配器,現在刷新也增加了相應的方法,雖然之前的notifyDataSetChanged()同樣可以實現這樣的效果,但是每次刷新整個界面在數據多的時候必然會大大影響用戶體驗。所以Adapter增加了更新數據的方法notifyItemInserted和notifyItemRemoved,這樣就可以在增刪數據的時候只刷新被操作的Item,而且還加入了高大上的動畫效果呢。
2)基本用法:
相信描述了這麼多,你一定對這個神奇的控件迫不及待想嘗試一波了。要用到這個RecyclerView很簡單,首先在Gradle中添加支持包:
1compile'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:24.0.0'
下面就先來一個簡單的用法,首先來Activity
package com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.support.v7.widget.DefaultItemAnimator; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Toast; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Locale; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements MyAdapter.OnRecyclerItemClickListener { private MyAdapter adapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.main_recycler); List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { // list.add(String.format(Locale.CHINA, "第%03d條數據%s", i, i % 2 == 0 ? "" : "-----------------------")); list.add(String.format(Locale.CHINA, "第%03d條數據", i)); } adapter = new MyAdapter(this, list); adapter.setOnRecyclerItemClickListener(this); recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter); DefaultItemAnimator animator = new DefaultItemAnimator(); animator.setRemoveDuration(1000); recyclerView.setItemAnimator(animator); //recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new MyDividerItemDecoration(this,MyDividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST)); //最後一個參數是反轉布局一定是false,為true的時候為逆向顯示,在聊天記錄中可能會有使用 //這個東西在顯示後才會加載,不會像ScollView一樣一次性加載導致內存溢出 LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false); recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager); // GridLayoutManager gridLayoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 3); // gridLayoutManager.setSpanSizeLookup(new GridLayoutManager.SpanSizeLookup() { // @Override // public int getSpanSize(int position) { // if (position == 0){ // return 3; // } // return 1; // } // }); // recyclerView.setLayoutManager(gridLayoutManager); // StaggeredGridLayoutManager staggeredGridLayoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3, StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL); // recyclerView.setLayoutManager(staggeredGridLayoutManager); } @Override public void OnRecyclerItemClick(RecyclerView parent, View view, int position, String data) { Toast.makeText(this, data, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); adapter.remove(position); } }
在上面的Activity代碼中,可見,我們需要自己指定LayoutManager,代碼中用的是LinearLayoutMagener,你可以試試其他的。
再看看Adapter,有一個對大多數人來說很悲催的是,我們的ListView中一定會有的點擊事件,而RecyclerView並沒有提供這樣的方法,這些點擊事件都是需要我們自己學的,我這裡Adapter就簡單的實現了下,點擊就會刪除該Item。
package com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo; import android.content.Context; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.List; /** * 自定義RecyclerView的Adapter * Created by 南塵 on 16-7-15. */ public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> implements View.OnClickListener { private Context context; private List<String> list; private OnRecyclerItemClickListener listener; private RecyclerView recyclerView; public void setOnRecyclerItemClickListener(OnRecyclerItemClickListener listener) { this.listener = listener; } public MyAdapter(Context context, List<String> list) { this.context = context; this.list = list; } //在為RecyclerView提供數據的時候調用 @Override public void onAttachedToRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) { super.onAttachedToRecyclerView(recyclerView); this.recyclerView = recyclerView; } @Override public void onDetachedFromRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) { super.onDetachedFromRecyclerView(recyclerView); this.recyclerView = null; } @Override public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) { View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item,parent,false); view.setOnClickListener(this); return new ViewHolder(view); } @Override public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) { holder.text.setText(list.get(position)); } @Override public int getItemCount() { return list.size(); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { if (recyclerView != null && listener != null){ int position = recyclerView.getChildAdapterPosition(v); listener.OnRecyclerItemClick(recyclerView,v,position,list.get(position)); } } /** * 刪除指定數據 * @param position 數據位置 */ public void remove(int position){ list.remove(position); // notifyDataSetChanged(); notifyItemRemoved(position);//這樣就只會刪除這一條數據,而不會一直刷 } /** * 插入數據 * @param position 插入位置 * @param data 插入的數據 */ public void insert(int position,String data){ list.add(position,data); notifyItemInserted(position); } public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{ private final TextView text; public ViewHolder(View itemView) { super(itemView); text = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.item_text); } } /** * 自定義RecyclerView的點擊事件 */ interface OnRecyclerItemClickListener{ void OnRecyclerItemClick(RecyclerView parent,View view,int position,String data); } }
繼承這個Adapter需要指定一個ViewHolder的泛型,當然這個ViewHolder通常是由我們作為一個靜態類自己寫的。其他這個就像我們之前ListView中的BaseAdapter一樣。
自己還可以實現其他的點擊事件。
下面看下Xml,第一個是主布局,第二個是每一個項的布局,我這裡就簡單只實現一個TextView了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context="com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo.MainActivity"> <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:id="@+id/main_recycler"/> </RelativeLayout> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:id="@+id/item_text" android:textSize="30sp" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"/> </LinearLayout>
這樣運行出來你估計就會看到沒有分割線,那麼分割線怎麼弄呢,看下文檔,需要我們自己去寫,這個網上有很多。
上一個我看到過很多次的。
package com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.TypedArray; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Rect; import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.View; /** * Created by 南塵 on 16-7-15. */ public class MyDividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration { private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{ android.R.attr. listDivider }; public static final int HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL; public static final int VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL; private Drawable mDivider; private int mOrientation; public MyDividerItemDecoration(Context context, int orientation) { final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS ); mDivider = a.getDrawable(0); a.recycle(); setOrientation(orientation); } public void setOrientation( int orientation) { if (orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "invalid orientation"); } mOrientation = orientation; } @Override public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) { drawVertical(c, parent); } else { drawHorizontal(c, parent); } } public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) { final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft(); final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight(); final int childCount = parent.getChildCount(); for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { final View child = parent.getChildAt(i); final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child .getLayoutParams(); final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin; final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight(); mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom); mDivider.draw(c); } } public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) { final int top = parent.getPaddingTop(); final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom(); final int childCount = parent.getChildCount(); for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { final View child = parent.getChildAt(i); final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child .getLayoutParams(); final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin; final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight(); mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom); mDivider.draw(c); } } @Override public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state); if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) { outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight()); }else{ outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0); } } }