編輯:關於Android編程
在Android中,常見的XML解析器分別為SAX解析器、DOM解析器和PULL解析器
SAX解析器:
SAX(Simple API for XML)解析器是一種基於事件的解析器,它的核心是事件處理模式,主要是圍繞著事件源以及事件處理器來工作的。當事件源產生事件後,調用事件處理器相應的處理方法,一個事件就可以得到處理。在事件源調用事件處理器中特定方法的時候,還要傳遞給事件處理器相應事件的狀態信息,這樣事件處理器才能夠根據提供的事件信息來決定自己的行為。
SAX解析器的優點是解析速度快,占用內存少。非常適合在Android移動設備中使用。
DOM解析器:
DOM是基於樹形結構的的節點或信息片段的集合,允許開發人員使用DOM API遍歷XML樹、檢索所需數據。分析該結構通常需要加載整個文檔和構造樹形結構,然後才可以檢索和更新節點信息。
由於DOM在內存中以樹形結構存放,因此檢索和更新效率會更高。但是對於特別大的文檔,解析和加載整個文檔將會很耗資源。
PULL解析器:
PULL解析器的運行方式和SAX類似,都是基於事件的模式。不同的是,在PULL解析過程中,我們需要自己獲取產生的事件然後做相應的操作,而不像SAX那樣由處理器觸發一種事件的方法,執行我們的代碼。PULL解析器小巧輕便,解析速度快,簡單易用,非常適合在Android移動設備中使用,Android系統內部在解析各種XML時也是用PULL解析器。
下面我們做一個demo來具體實現下
首先在Androidmanifest.xml中添加權限,此權限用於輸出xml文件
1001 張三 8000.0 1002 李四 9000.0 1003 王五 10000.0
封裝實體類Department
public class Department { private int id; private String name; private float salary; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public float getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(float salary) { this.salary = salary; } @Override public String toString() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return "id:" + id + ", name:" + name + ", salary:" + salary; } }
public interface DepartParser { /** * 解析輸入流 得到Department對象集合 * @param is * @return * @throws Exception */ public Listparse(InputStream is) throws Exception; /** * 序列化Department對象集合,得到XML形式的字符串 * @param departs * @return * @throws Exception */ public String serialize(List departs) throws Exception; }
serialize(List
張三 8000.0 李四 9000.0 王五 10000.0
import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.StringWriter; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys; import javax.xml.transform.Result; import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; /** * Sax方式解析 * * @author 孟祥程 * */ public class SaxDepartmentParser implements DepartParser { @Override public Listparse(InputStream is) throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // 取得SAXParserFactory實例 SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); // 從factory獲取SAXParser實例 SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser(); // 實例化自定義Handler MyHandler handler = new MyHandler(); // 根據自定義Handler規則解析輸入流 parser.parse(is, handler); return handler.getDeparts(); } @Override public String serialize(List departs) throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub SAXTransformerFactory factory = (SAXTransformerFactory) TransformerFactory .newInstance(); TransformerHandler handler = factory.newTransformerHandler(); // 從factory獲取TransformerHandler實例 Transformer transformer = handler.getTransformer(); // 從handler獲取Transformer實例 transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8"); // 設置輸出采用的編碼方式 transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes"); // 是否自動添加額外的空白 transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.OMIT_XML_DECLARATION, "no"); // 是否忽略XML聲明 StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(); //Result result = new StreamResult();這樣的話,handler.startDocument()會報 No output specified異常 Result result = new StreamResult(writer); handler.setResult(result); String uri = "";//代表命名空間的URI 當URI無值時 須置為空字符串 String localName = "";//命名空間的本地名稱(不包含前綴) 當沒有進行命名空間處理時 須置為空字符串 handler.startDocument(); handler.startElement(uri, localName, "department", null); AttributesImpl attrs = new AttributesImpl(); //負責存放元素的屬性信息 char[] ch = null; for (Department depart : departs) { attrs.clear(); //清空屬性列表 attrs.addAttribute(uri, localName, "id", "string", String.valueOf(depart.getId()));//添加一個名為id的屬性(type影響不大,這裡設為string) handler.startElement(uri, localName, "person", attrs); //開始一個元素 關聯上面設定的id屬性 handler.startElement(uri, localName, "name", null); //開始一個name元素 沒有屬性 ch = String.valueOf(depart.getName()).toCharArray(); handler.characters(ch, 0, ch.length); //設置name元素的文本節點 handler.endElement(uri, localName, "name"); handler.startElement(uri, localName, "salary", null);//開始一個price元素 沒有屬性 ch = String.valueOf(depart.getSalary()).toCharArray(); handler.characters(ch, 0, ch.length); //設置price元素的文本節點 handler.endElement(uri, localName, "salary"); handler.endElement(uri, localName, "person"); } handler.endElement(uri, localName, "department"); handler.endDocument(); return writer.toString(); } /** * DefaultHandler是一個事件處理器,可以接收解析器報告的所有事件,處理所發現的數據 * * @author 孟祥程 * */ private class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler { private List departs; private Department depart; private StringBuilder builder; // 返回解析後得到的Department對象集合 public List getDeparts() { return departs; } @Override public void startDocument() throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.startDocument(); departs = new ArrayList (); builder = new StringBuilder(); } @Override public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes); if (localName.equals("person")) { depart = new Department(); } // 將字符長度設置為0 以便重新開始讀取元素內的字符節點 builder.setLength(0); } @Override public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.characters(ch, start, length); // 將讀取的字符數組追加到builder中 builder.append(ch, start, length);//將讀取的字符數組追加到builder中 } @Override public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.endElement(uri, localName, qName); if (localName.equals("id")) { depart.setId(Integer.parseInt(builder.toString())); } else if (localName.equals("name")) { depart.setName(builder.toString()); } else if (localName.equals("salary")) { depart.setSalary(Float.parseFloat(builder.toString())); } else if (localName.equals("person")) { departs.add(depart); } } } }
import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.StringWriter; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys; import javax.xml.transform.Result; import javax.xml.transform.Source; import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; public class DomDepartmentParser implements DepartParser{ @Override public Listparse(InputStream is) throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub List departs = new ArrayList (); DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); //取得DocumentBuilderFactory實例 DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); //從factory獲取DocumentBuilder實例 Document doc = builder.parse(is); //解析輸入流 得到Document實例 Element rootElement = doc.getDocumentElement(); NodeList items = rootElement.getElementsByTagName("person"); for (int i = 0; i < items.getLength(); i++) { Department depart = new Department(); Node item = items.item(i); NodeList properties = item.getChildNodes(); for (int j = 0; j < properties.getLength(); j++) { Node property = properties.item(j); String nodeName = property.getNodeName(); if (nodeName.equals("id")) { depart.setId(Integer.parseInt(property.getFirstChild().getNodeValue())); } else if (nodeName.equals("name")) { depart.setName(property.getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); } else if (nodeName.equals("salary")) { depart.setSalary(Float.parseFloat(property.getFirstChild().getNodeValue())); } } departs.add(depart); } return departs; } @Override public String serialize(List departs) throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = builder.newDocument(); //由builder創建新文檔 Element rootElement = doc.createElement("department"); for (Department depart : departs) { Element departElement = doc.createElement("person"); departElement.setAttribute("id", depart.getId() + ""); Element nameElement = doc.createElement("name"); nameElement.setTextContent(depart.getName()); departElement.appendChild(nameElement); Element priceElement = doc.createElement("salary"); priceElement.setTextContent(depart.getSalary() + ""); departElement.appendChild(priceElement); rootElement.appendChild(departElement); } doc.appendChild(rootElement); TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();//取得TransformerFactory實例 Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer(); //從transFactory獲取Transformer實例 transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8"); // 設置輸出采用的編碼方式 transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes"); // 是否自動添加額外的空白 transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.OMIT_XML_DECLARATION, "no"); // 是否忽略XML聲明 StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(); Source source = new DOMSource(doc); //表明文檔來源是doc Result result = new StreamResult(writer);//表明目標結果為writer transformer.transform(source, result); //開始轉換 return writer.toString(); } }
import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.StringWriter; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser; import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlSerializer; import android.util.Xml; public class PullDepartmentParser implements DepartParser { @Override public Listparse(InputStream is) throws Exception { List departs = null; Department depart = null; XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser(); //由android.util.Xml創建一個XmlPullParser實例 parser.setInput(is, "UTF-8"); //設置輸入流 並指明編碼方式 int eventType = parser.getEventType(); while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) { switch (eventType) { case XmlPullParser.START_DOCUMENT: departs = new ArrayList (); break; case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: if (parser.getName().equals("person")) { depart = new Department(); } else if (parser.getName().equals("id")) { eventType = parser.next(); depart.setId(Integer.parseInt(parser.getText())); } else if (parser.getName().equals("name")) { eventType = parser.next(); depart.setName(parser.getText()); } else if (parser.getName().equals("salary")) { eventType = parser.next(); depart.setSalary(Float.parseFloat(parser.getText())); } break; case XmlPullParser.END_TAG: if (parser.getName().equals("person")) { departs.add(depart); depart = null; } break; } eventType = parser.next(); } return departs; } @Override public String serialize(List departs) throws Exception { XmlSerializer serializer = Xml.newSerializer(); //由android.util.Xml創建一個XmlSerializer實例 StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(); serializer.setOutput(writer); //設置輸出方向為writer serializer.startDocument("UTF-8", true); serializer.startTag("", "department"); for (Department depart : departs) { serializer.startTag("", "person"); serializer.attribute("", "id", depart.getId() + ""); serializer.startTag("", "name"); serializer.text(depart.getName()); serializer.endTag("", "name"); serializer.startTag("", "salary"); serializer.text(depart.getSalary() + ""); serializer.endTag("", "salary"); serializer.endTag("", "person"); } serializer.endTag("", "department"); serializer.endDocument(); return writer.toString(); } }
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.List; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Environment; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private static final String TAG = "XML"; private DepartParser parser; private Listdeparts; private Button saxIn, domIn, pullIn, outXml; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initView(); } private void initView() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub saxIn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_sax); saxIn.setOnClickListener(this); domIn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dom); domIn.setOnClickListener(this); pullIn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_pull); pullIn.setOnClickListener(this); outXml = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_outxml); outXml.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int id = arg0.getId(); switch (id) { case R.id.btn_sax: saxReadXml(); break; case R.id.btn_dom: domReadXml(); break; case R.id.btn_pull: pullReadXml(); break; case R.id.btn_outxml: writeXml(); break; } } private void saxReadXml(){ try { InputStream is = getAssets().open("departs.xml"); parser = new SaxDepartmentParser(); // 創建SaxDepartParser實例 departs = parser.parse(is); // 解析輸入流 for (Department depart : departs) { Log.i(TAG, "sax read xml:"+depart.toString()); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, "sax read xml:"+e.getMessage()); } } private void domReadXml(){ try { InputStream is = getAssets().open("departs.xml"); parser = new DomDepartmentParser(); departs = parser.parse(is); for (Department depart : departs) { Log.i(TAG, "dom read xml:"+depart.toString()); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, "dom read xml:"+e.getMessage()); } } private void pullReadXml(){ try { InputStream is = getAssets().open("departs.xml"); parser = new PullDepartmentParser(); departs = parser.parse(is); for (Department depart : departs) { Log.i(TAG, "pull read xml:"+depart.toString()); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, "pull read xml:"+e.getMessage()); } } private void writeXml(){ try { String xml = parser.serialize(departs); //序列化 File dir = null; if(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment.getExternalStorageState())){ dir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/xml"); if(!dir.exists()){ System.out.println("mkdirs:"+dir.mkdirs()); } } File file = new File(dir.getPath(), "departs.xml"); if (file.exists()) { file.delete(); } file.createNewFile(); FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file); out.write(xml.getBytes("UTF-8")); out.flush(); out.close(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage()); } } }
從一接觸Android開始,就聽說了消息機制,那時候對消息機制的理解也只是看看別人博客,了解一些概念和相關的類而已,並沒有深入的去了解和探究。直到最近,重新過了一遍消息
我在開發的時候遇到了這樣的需求,就是在listview的滑動中,需要對頂部的欄目由透明慢慢的變為不透明的狀態,就是以下的效果最先開始的時候想的很簡單,無非就是監聽list
在android中有五種保存數據的方法,分別是: Shared Preferences Store private primitive data in key-val
本文實例講述了Android AnalogClock簡單使用方法。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:AnalogClock組件的使用很簡單,先來看看效果圖:AnalogCl