編輯:關於Android編程
關於插件,已經在各大平台上出現過很多,eclipse插件、chrome插件、3dmax插件,所有這些插件大概都為了在一個主程序中實現比較通用的功能,把業務相關或者讓可以讓用戶自定義擴展的功能不附加在主程序中,主程序可在運行時安裝和卸載。在android如何實現插件也已經被廣泛傳播,實現的原理都是實現一套插件接口,把插件實現編成apk或者dex,然後在運行時使用DexClassLoader動態加載進來,不過在這個開發過程中會遇到很多的問題,所以這一片就先不介紹如何開發插件,而是先解決一下開發過程中會遇到的問題,這裡主要就是介紹DexClassLoader這個類使用的過程中出現的錯誤
Java中的類加載器:http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/17733153
Android中的動態加載機制:http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/17679823
Android中的各種加載器介紹
插件開發的過程中DexClassLoader和PathClassLoader這兩個類加載器了是很重要的,但是他們也是有區別的,而且我們也知道PathClassLoader是Android應用中的默認加載器。他們的區別是:
DexClassLoader可以加載任何路徑的apk/dex/jar
PathClassLoader只能加載/data/app中的apk,也就是已經安裝到手機中的apk。這個也是PathClassLoader作為默認的類加載器的原因,因為一般程序都是安裝了,在打開,這時候PathClassLoader就去加載指定的apk(解壓成dex,然後在優化成odex)就可以了。
我們可以看一下他們的源碼:
DexClassLoader.java
/* * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package dalvik.system; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.zip.ZipFile; /** * Provides a simple {@link ClassLoader} implementation that operates on a * list of jar/apk files with classes.dex entries. The directory that * holds the optimized form of the files is specified explicitly. This * can be used to execute code not installed as part of an application. * * The best place to put the optimized DEX files is in app-specific * storage, so that removal of the app will automatically remove the * optimized DEX files. If other storage is used (e.g. /sdcard), the * app may not have an opportunity to remove them. */ public class DexClassLoader extends ClassLoader { private static final boolean VERBOSE_DEBUG = false; /* constructor args, held for init */ private final String mRawDexPath; private final String mRawLibPath; private final String mDexOutputPath; /* * Parallel arrays for jar/apk files. * * (could stuff these into an object and have a single array; * improves clarity but adds overhead) */ private final File[] mFiles; // source file Files, for rsrc URLs private final ZipFile[] mZips; // source zip files, with resources private final DexFile[] mDexs; // opened, prepped DEX files /** * Native library path. */ private final String[] mLibPaths; /** * Creates a {@code DexClassLoader} that finds interpreted and native * code. Interpreted classes are found in a set of DEX files contained * in Jar or APK files. * * The path lists are separated using the character specified by * the "path.separator" system property, which defaults to ":". * * @param dexPath * the list of jar/apk files containing classes and resources * @param dexOutputDir * directory where optimized DEX files should be written * @param libPath * the list of directories containing native libraries; may be null * @param parent * the parent class loader */ public DexClassLoader(String dexPath, String dexOutputDir, String libPath, ClassLoader parent) { super(parent); ......我們看到,他是繼承了ClassLoader類的,ClassLoader是類加載器的鼻祖類。同時我們也會發現DexClassLoader只有一個構造函數,而且這個構造函數是:dexPath、dexOutDir、libPath、parent
dexPath:是加載apk/dex/jar的路徑
dexOutDir:是dex的輸出路徑(因為加載apk/jar的時候會解壓除dex文件,這個路徑就是保存dex文件的)
libPath:是加載的時候需要用到的lib庫,這個一般不用
parent:給DexClassLoader指定父加載器
我們在來看一下PathClassLoader的源碼
PathClassLoader.java
/* * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package dalvik.system; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.RandomAccessFile; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.List; import java.util.NoSuchElementException; import java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import java.util.zip.ZipFile; /** * Provides a simple {@link ClassLoader} implementation that operates on a list * of files and directories in the local file system, but does not attempt to * load classes from the network. Android uses this class for its system class * loader and for its application class loader(s). */ public class PathClassLoader extends ClassLoader { private final String path; private final String libPath; /* * Parallel arrays for jar/apk files. * * (could stuff these into an object and have a single array; * improves clarity but adds overhead) */ private final String[] mPaths; private final File[] mFiles; private final ZipFile[] mZips; private final DexFile[] mDexs; /** * Native library path. */ private final List看到了PathClassLoader類也是繼承了ClassLoader的,但是他的構造函數和DexClassLoader有點區別就是,少了一個dexOutDir,這個原因也是很簡單,因為PathClassLoader是加載/data/app中的apk,而這部分的apk都會解壓釋放dex到指定的目錄:libraryPathElements; /** * Creates a {@code PathClassLoader} that operates on a given list of files * and directories. This method is equivalent to calling * {@link #PathClassLoader(String, String, ClassLoader)} with a * {@code null} value for the second argument (see description there). * * @param path * the list of files and directories * * @param parent * the parent class loader */ public PathClassLoader(String path, ClassLoader parent) { this(path, null, parent); } /** * Creates a {@code PathClassLoader} that operates on two given * lists of files and directories. The entries of the first list * should be one of the following: * * *
* * The entries of the second list should be directories containing * native library files. Both lists are separated using the * character specified by the "path.separator" system property, * which, on Android, defaults to ":". * * @param path * the list of files and directories containing classes and * resources * * @param libPath * the list of directories containing native libraries * * @param parent * the parent class loader */ public PathClassLoader(String path, String libPath, ClassLoader parent) { super(parent); ....- Directories containing classes or resources. *
- JAR/ZIP/APK files, possibly containing a "classes.dex" file. *
- "classes.dex" files. *
/data/dalvik-cache
這個釋放解壓操作是系統做的。所以PathClassLoader可以不需要這個參數的。
<喎?/kf/ware/vc/" target="_blank" class="keylink">vcD48cD7Jz8Pmv7TBy8v7w8fBvbXEx/ix8KOsz8LD5tTawLS/tNK7z8JBbmRyb2lk1tC1xLj31tbA4LzT1NjG97fWsfC809TYxMTQqcDgo7o8L3A+PHA+PC9wPjxwcmUgY2xhc3M9"brush:java;">package com.example.androiddemo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ListView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Log.i("DEMO", "Context的類加載加載器:"+Context.class.getClassLoader());
Log.i("DEMO", "ListView的類加載器:"+ListView.class.getClassLoader());
Log.i("DEMO", "應用程序默認加載器:"+getClassLoader());
Log.i("DEMO", "系統類加載器:"+ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
Log.i("DEMO", "系統類加載器和Context的類加載器是否相等:"+(Context.class.getClassLoader()==ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()));
Log.i("DEMO", "系統類加載器和應用程序默認加載器是否相等:"+(getClassLoader()==ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()));
Log.i("DEMO","打印應用程序默認加載器的委派機制:");
ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
while(classLoader != null){
Log.i("DEMO", "類加載器:"+classLoader);
classLoader = classLoader.getParent();
}
Log.i("DEMO","打印系統加載器的委派機制:");
classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
while(classLoader != null){
Log.i("DEMO", "類加載器:"+classLoader);
classLoader = classLoader.getParent();
}
}
}
依次來看一下
1) 系統類的加載器
Log.i("DEMO", "Context的類加載加載器:"+Context.class.getClassLoader()); Log.i("DEMO", "ListView的類加載器:"+ListView.class.getClassLoader());從結果看到他們的加載器是:BootClassLoader,關於他源碼我沒有找到,只找到了class文件(用jd-gui查看):
看到他也是繼承了ClassLoader類。
2) 應用程序的默認加載器
Log.i("DEMO", "應用程序默認加載器:"+getClassLoader());運行結果:
默認類加載器是PathClassLoader,同時可以看到加載的apk路徑,libPath(一般包括/vendor/lib和/system/lib)
3) 系統類加載器
Log.i("DEMO", "系統類加載器:"+ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());運行結果:
4) 默認加載器的委派機制關系
Log.i("DEMO","打印應用程序默認加載器的委派機制:"); ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader(); while(classLoader != null){ Log.i("DEMO", "類加載器:"+classLoader); classLoader = classLoader.getParent(); }打印結果:
默認加載器PathClassLoader的父親是BootClassLoader
5) 系統加載器的委派機制關系
Log.i("DEMO","打印系統加載器的委派機制:"); classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader(); while(classLoader != null){ Log.i("DEMO", "類加載器:"+classLoader); classLoader = classLoader.getParent(); }運行結果:
可以看到系統加載器的父親也是BootClassLoader
DexClassLoader加載原理和分析在實現插件時不同操作造成錯誤的原因分析
這裡主要用了三個工程:
PluginImpl:插件接口工程(只是接口的定義)
PluginSDK:插件工程(實現插件接口,定義具體的功能)
HostProject:宿主工程(需要引用插件接口工程,然後動態的加載插件工程)(例子項目中名字是PluginDemos)
下面來看一下源代碼:
1) IBean.java
package com.pluginsdk.interfaces; public abstract interface IBean{ public abstract String getName(); public abstract void setName(String paramString); }
package com.pluginsdk.interfaces; import android.content.Context; public abstract interface IDynamic{ public abstract void methodWithCallBack(YKCallBack paramYKCallBack); public abstract void showPluginWindow(Context paramContext); public abstract void startPluginActivity(Context context,Class> cls); public abstract String getStringForResId(Context context); }其他的就不列舉了。
1) Dynamic.java
/** * Dynamic1.java * com.youku.pluginsdk.imp * * Function: TODO * * ver date author * ────────────────────────────────── * 2014-10-20 Administrator * * Copyright (c) 2014, TNT All Rights Reserved. */ package com.pluginsdk.imp; import android.app.AlertDialog; import android.app.AlertDialog.Builder; import android.app.Dialog; import android.content.Context; import android.content.DialogInterface; import android.content.Intent; import com.pluginsdk.bean.Bean; import com.pluginsdk.interfaces.IDynamic; import com.pluginsdk.interfaces.YKCallBack; import com.youku.pluginsdk.R; /** * ClassName:Dynamic1 * * @author jiangwei * @version * @since Ver 1.1 * @Date 2014-10-20 下午5:57:10 */ public class Dynamic implements IDynamic{ /** */ public void methodWithCallBack(YKCallBack callback) { Bean bean = new Bean(); bean.setName("PLUGIN_SDK_USER"); callback.callback(bean); } public void showPluginWindow(Context context) { AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(context); builder.setMessage("對話框"); builder.setTitle(R.string.hello_world); builder.setNegativeButton("取消", new Dialog.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { dialog.dismiss(); } }); Dialog dialog = builder.create();//.show(); dialog.show(); } public void startPluginActivity(Context context,Class> cls){ /** *這裡要注意幾點: *1、如果單純的寫一個MainActivity的話,在主工程中也有一個MainActivity,開啟的Activity還是主工程中的MainActivity *2、如果這裡將MainActivity寫成全名的話,還是有問題,會報找不到這個Activity的錯誤 */ Intent intent = new Intent(context,cls); context.startActivity(intent); } public String getStringForResId(Context context){ return context.getResources().getString(R.string.hello_world); } }
/** * User.java * com.youku.pluginsdk.bean * * Function: TODO * * ver date author * ────────────────────────────────── * 2014-10-20 Administrator * * Copyright (c) 2014, TNT All Rights Reserved. */ package com.pluginsdk.bean; /** * ClassName:User * * @author jiangwei * @version * @since Ver 1.1 * @Date 2014-10-20 下午1:35:16 */ public class Bean implements com.pluginsdk.interfaces.IBean{ /** * */ private String name = "這是來自於插件工程中設置的初始化的名字"; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
1) MainActivity.java
package com.plugindemo; import java.io.File; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.AssetManager; import android.content.res.Resources; import android.content.res.Resources.Theme; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Environment; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.Toast; import com.pluginsdk.interfaces.IBean; import com.pluginsdk.interfaces.IDynamic; import com.pluginsdk.interfaces.YKCallBack; import com.youku.plugindemo.R; import dalvik.system.DexClassLoader; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private AssetManager mAssetManager;//資源管理器 private Resources mResources;//資源 private Theme mTheme;//主題 private String apkFileName = "PluginSDKs.apk"; private String dexpath = null;//apk文件地址 private File fileRelease = null; //釋放目錄 private DexClassLoader classLoader = null; @SuppressLint("NewApi") @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); dexpath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + File.separator+apkFileName; fileRelease = getDir("dex", 0); /*初始化classloader * dexpath dex文件地址 * fileRelease 文件釋放地址 * 父classLoader */ Log.d("DEMO", (getClassLoader()==ListView.class.getClassLoader())+""); Log.d("DEMO",ListView.class.getClassLoader()+""); Log.d("DEMO", Context.class.getClassLoader()+""); Log.d("DEMO", Context.class.getClassLoader().getSystemClassLoader()+""); Log.d("DEMO",Activity.class.getClassLoader()+""); Log.d("DEMO", (Context.class.getClassLoader().getSystemClassLoader() == ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader())+""); Log.d("DEMO",ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()+""); classLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexpath, fileRelease.getAbsolutePath(),null,getClassLoader()); Button btn_1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_1); Button btn_2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_2); Button btn_3 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_3); Button btn_4 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_4); Button btn_5 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_5); Button btn_6 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_6); btn_1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//普通調用 反射的方式 @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { Class mLoadClassBean; try { mLoadClassBean = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.bean.Bean"); Object beanObject = mLoadClassBean.newInstance(); Log.d("DEMO", "ClassLoader:"+mLoadClassBean.getClassLoader()); Log.d("DEMO", "ClassLoader:"+mLoadClassBean.getClassLoader().getParent()); Method getNameMethod = mLoadClassBean.getMethod("getName"); getNameMethod.setAccessible(true); String name = (String) getNameMethod.invoke(beanObject); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, name, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage()); } } }); btn_2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//帶參數調用 @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { Class mLoadClassBean; try { mLoadClassBean = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.bean.Bean"); Object beanObject = mLoadClassBean.newInstance(); //接口形式調用 Log.d("DEMO", beanObject.getClass().getClassLoader()+""); Log.d("DEMO",IBean.class.getClassLoader()+""); Log.d("DEMO",ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()+""); IBean bean = (IBean)beanObject; bean.setName("宿主程序設置的新名字"); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, bean.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }catch (Exception e) { Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage()); } } }); btn_3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//帶回調函數的調用 @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { Class mLoadClassDynamic; try { mLoadClassDynamic = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.imp.Dynamic"); Object dynamicObject = mLoadClassDynamic.newInstance(); //接口形式調用 IDynamic dynamic = (IDynamic)dynamicObject; //回調函數調用 YKCallBack callback = new YKCallBack() {//回調接口的定義 public void callback(IBean arg0) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, arg0.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }; }; dynamic.methodWithCallBack(callback); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage()); } } }); btn_4.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//帶資源文件的調用 @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { loadResources(); Class mLoadClassDynamic; try { mLoadClassDynamic = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.imp.Dynamic"); Object dynamicObject = mLoadClassDynamic.newInstance(); //接口形式調用 IDynamic dynamic = (IDynamic)dynamicObject; dynamic.showPluginWindow(MainActivity.this); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage()); } } }); btn_5.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//帶資源文件的調用 @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { loadResources(); Class mLoadClassDynamic; try { mLoadClassDynamic = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.imp.Dynamic"); Object dynamicObject = mLoadClassDynamic.newInstance(); //接口形式調用 IDynamic dynamic = (IDynamic)dynamicObject; dynamic.startPluginActivity(MainActivity.this, classLoader.loadClass("com.plugindemo.MainActivity")); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage()); } } }); btn_6.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//帶資源文件的調用 @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { loadResources(); Class mLoadClassDynamic; try { mLoadClassDynamic = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.imp.Dynamic"); Object dynamicObject = mLoadClassDynamic.newInstance(); //接口形式調用 IDynamic dynamic = (IDynamic)dynamicObject; String content = dynamic.getStringForResId(MainActivity.this); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), content+"", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage()); } } }); } protected void loadResources() { try { AssetManager assetManager = AssetManager.class.newInstance(); Method addAssetPath = assetManager.getClass().getMethod("addAssetPath", String.class); addAssetPath.invoke(assetManager, dexpath); mAssetManager = assetManager; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Resources superRes = super.getResources(); superRes.getDisplayMetrics(); superRes.getConfiguration(); mResources = new Resources(mAssetManager, superRes.getDisplayMetrics(),superRes.getConfiguration()); mTheme = mResources.newTheme(); mTheme.setTo(super.getTheme()); } @Override public AssetManager getAssets() { return mAssetManager == null ? super.getAssets() : mAssetManager; } @Override public Resources getResources() { return mResources == null ? super.getResources() : mResources; } @Override public Theme getTheme() { return mTheme == null ? super.getTheme() : mTheme; } }三個工程的下載地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/jiangwei0910410003/8188011
注意是lib文件夾,不是libs,這個是有區別的,後面會說道
項目引用完成之後,我們編譯PluginSDKs項目,生成PluginSDKs.apk放到手機的sdcard的根目錄(因為我代碼中是從這個目錄進行加載apk的,當然這個目錄是可以修改的),然後運行HostProject
看到效果了吧。運行成功,其實這個對話框是在插件中定義的,但是我們知道定義對話框是需要context變量的,所以這個變量就是通過參數從宿主工程中傳遞到插件工程即可,成功了就不能這麼了事,因為我還沒有說道我遇到的問題,下面就來看一下遇到的幾個問題
這個問題產生的操作:
插件工程PluginSDKs的引用方式不變,宿主工程PluginDemos的引用方式改變
在說這個原因之前先來了解一下Eclipse中引用工程的不同方式和區別:
第一種:最常用的將引用工程打成jar放到需要引用工程的libs下面(這裡是將PluginImpl打成jar,放到HostProject工程的libs中)
這種方式是Eclipse推薦使用的,當我們在建立一個項目的時候也會自動產生這個文件夾,當我們將我們需要引用的工程打成jar,然後放到這個文件夾之後,Eclipse就自動導入了(這個功能是Eclipse3.7之後有的)。
第二種:和第一種的區別是,我們可以從新新建一個文件夾比如是lib,然後將引用的jar放到這個文件夾中,但是此時Eclipse是不會自動導入的,需要我們手動的導入(add build path...),但是這個是一個區別,還有一個區別,也是到這個這個報錯原因的區別,就是libs文件夾中的jar,在運行的時候是會將這個jar集成到程序中的,而我們新建的文件夾(名字非libs即可),及時我們手動的導入,編譯是沒有問題的,但是運行的時候,是不會將jar集成到程序中。
第三種:和前兩種的區別是不需要將引用工程打成jar,直接引用這個工程
這種方式其實效果和第一種差不多,唯一的區別就是不需要打成jar,但是運行的時候是不會將引用工程集成到程序中的。
第四種:和第三種的方式是一樣的,也是不需要將引用工程打成jar,直接引用工程:
這個前提是需要設置PluginImpl項目為Library,同時引用的項目和被引用的項目必須在一個工作空間中,不然會報錯,這種的效果和第二種是一樣的,在運行的時候是會將引用工程集成到程序中的。
第五種:和第一種、第二種差不多,導入jar:
這裡有很多種方式選擇jar的位置,但是這些操作的效果和第一種是一樣的,運行的時候是不會將引用的jar集成到程序中的。
總結上面的五種方式,我們可以看到,第二種和第四種的效果是一樣的,也是最普遍的導入引用工程的方式,因為其他三種方式的話,其實在編譯的時候是不會有問題的,但是在運行的時候會報錯(找不到指定的類,可以依次嘗試一下),不過這三種方式只要一步就可以和那兩種方式實現的效果一樣了
只要設置導出的時候勾選上這個jar就可以了。那麼其實這五種方式都是可以的,性質和效果是一樣的。
說完了Eclipse中引用工程的各種方式以及區別之後,我們在回過頭來看一下,上面遇到的問題:Could not find class...
其實這個問題就簡單了,原因是:插件工程PluginSDKs使用的是lib文件夾導入的jar(這個jar是不會集成到程序中的),而宿主工程PluginDemos的引用工程的方式也變成了lib文件夾(jar也是不會集成到程序中的)。那麼程序運行的時候就會出現錯誤:
Could not find class "com.pluginsdk.interfaces.IBean'
這個問題產生的操作:
插件工程PluginSDKs和宿主工程PluginDemos引用工程的方式都變成library(或者是都用libs文件夾導入jar)
這個錯誤的原因也是很多做插件的開發者第一次都會遇到的問題,其實這個問題的本質是PluginImpl中的接口被加載了兩次,因為插件工程和宿主工程在運行的時候都會把PluginImpl集成到程序中。對於這個問題,我們來分析一下,首先對於宿主apk,他的類加載器是PathClassLoader(這個對於每個應用來說是默認的加載器,原因很簡單,PathClassLoader只能加載/data/app目錄下的apk,就是已經安裝的apk,一般我們的apk都是安裝之後在運行,所以用這個加載器也是理所當然的)。這個加載器開始加載插件接口工程(宿主工程中引入的PluginImpl)中的IBean。當使用DexClassLoader加載PluginSDKs.apk的時候,首先會讓宿主apk的PathClassLoader加載器去加載,這個好多人有點迷糊了,為什麼會先讓PathClassLoader加載器去加載呢?
這個就是Java中的類加載機制的雙親委派機制:http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/17733153
Android中的加載機制也是類似的,我們這裡的代碼設置了DexClassLoader的父加載器為當前類加載器(宿主apk的PathClassLoader),不行的話,可以打印一下getClassLoader()方法的返回結果看一下。
classLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexpath, fileRelease.getAbsolutePath(),null,getClassLoader());那麼加載器就是一樣的了(宿主apk的PathClassLoader),那麼就奇怪了,都是一個為什麼還有錯誤呢?查看系統源碼可以了解:
Resolve.c源碼(這個是在虛擬機dalvik中的):源碼下載地址為:http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/37988637
我們來看一下他的一個主要函數:
/* * Find the class corresponding to "classIdx", which maps to a class name * string. It might be in the same DEX file as "referrer", in a different * DEX file, generated by a class loader, or generated by the VM (e.g. * array classes). * * Because the DexTypeId is associated with the referring class' DEX file, * we may have to resolve the same class more than once if it's referred * to from classes in multiple DEX files. This is a necessary property for * DEX files associated with different class loaders. * * We cache a copy of the lookup in the DexFile's "resolved class" table, * so future references to "classIdx" are faster. * * Note that "referrer" may be in the process of being linked. * * Traditional VMs might do access checks here, but in Dalvik the class * "constant pool" is shared between all classes in the DEX file. We rely * on the verifier to do the checks for us. * * Does not initialize the class. * * "fromUnverifiedConstant" should only be set if this call is the direct * result of executing a "const-class" or "instance-of" instruction, which * use class constants not resolved by the bytecode verifier. * * Returns NULL with an exception raised on failure. */ ClassObject* dvmResolveClass(const ClassObject* referrer, u4 classIdx, bool fromUnverifiedConstant) { DvmDex* pDvmDex = referrer->pDvmDex; ClassObject* resClass; const char* className; /* * Check the table first -- this gets called from the other "resolve" * methods. */ resClass = dvmDexGetResolvedClass(pDvmDex, classIdx); if (resClass != NULL) return resClass; LOGVV("--- resolving class %u (referrer=%s cl=%p)\n", classIdx, referrer->descriptor, referrer->classLoader); /* * Class hasn't been loaded yet, or is in the process of being loaded * and initialized now. Try to get a copy. If we find one, put the * pointer in the DexTypeId. There isn't a race condition here -- * 32-bit writes are guaranteed atomic on all target platforms. Worst * case we have two threads storing the same value. * * If this is an array class, we'll generate it here. */ className = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDvmDex->pDexFile, classIdx); if (className[0] != '\0' && className[1] == '\0') { /* primitive type */ resClass = dvmFindPrimitiveClass(className[0]); } else { resClass = dvmFindClassNoInit(className, referrer->classLoader); } if (resClass != NULL) { /* * If the referrer was pre-verified, the resolved class must come * from the same DEX or from a bootstrap class. The pre-verifier * makes assumptions that could be invalidated by a wacky class * loader. (See the notes at the top of oo/Class.c.) * * The verifier does *not* fail a class for using a const-class * or instance-of instruction referring to an unresolveable class, * because the result of the instruction is simply a Class object * or boolean -- there's no need to resolve the class object during * verification. Instance field and virtual method accesses can * break dangerously if we get the wrong class, but const-class and * instance-of are only interesting at execution time. So, if we * we got here as part of executing one of the "unverified class" * instructions, we skip the additional check. * * Ditto for class references from annotations and exception * handler lists. */ if (!fromUnverifiedConstant && IS_CLASS_FLAG_SET(referrer, CLASS_ISPREVERIFIED)) { ClassObject* resClassCheck = resClass; if (dvmIsArrayClass(resClassCheck)) resClassCheck = resClassCheck->elementClass; if (referrer->pDvmDex != resClassCheck->pDvmDex && resClassCheck->classLoader != NULL) { LOGW("Class resolved by unexpected DEX:" " %s(%p):%p ref [%s] %s(%p):%p\n", referrer->descriptor, referrer->classLoader, referrer->pDvmDex, resClass->descriptor, resClassCheck->descriptor, resClassCheck->classLoader, resClassCheck->pDvmDex); LOGW("(%s had used a different %s during pre-verification)\n", referrer->descriptor, resClass->descriptor); dvmThrowException("Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", "Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected " "implementation"); return NULL; } } LOGVV("##### +ResolveClass(%s): referrer=%s dex=%p ldr=%p ref=%d\n", resClass->descriptor, referrer->descriptor, referrer->pDvmDex, referrer->classLoader, classIdx); /* * Add what we found to the list so we can skip the class search * next time through. * * TODO: should we be doing this when fromUnverifiedConstant==true? * (see comments at top of oo/Class.c) */ dvmDexSetResolvedClass(pDvmDex, classIdx, resClass); } else { /* not found, exception should be raised */ LOGVV("Class not found: %s\n", dexStringByTypeIdx(pDvmDex->pDexFile, classIdx)); assert(dvmCheckException(dvmThreadSelf())); } return resClass; }我們看下面的判斷可以得到,就是在這裡拋出的異常,代碼邏輯我們就不看了,因為太多的頭文件相互引用,看起來很費勁,直接看一下函數的說明:
紅色部分內容,他的意思是我們需要解決從不同的dex文件中加載相同的class,需要使用不同的類加載器。
說白了就是,同一個類加載器從不同的dex文件中加載相同的class。所以上面是同一個類加載器PathClassLoader去加載(宿主apk和插件apk)來自不同的dex中的相同的類IBean。所以我們在做動態加載的時候都說過:不要把接口的jar一起打包成jar/dex/apk
這個問題產生的操作:
插件工程PluginSDKs和宿主工程都是用Library方式引用工程(或者是libs),同時將上面的一行代碼
classLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexpath, fileRelease.getAbsolutePath(),null,getClassLoader());
修改成:
classLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexpath, fileRelease.getAbsolutePath(),null,ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());就是將DexClassLoader的父加載器修改了一下:我們知道getClassLoader()獲取到的是應用的默認加載器PathClassLoader,而ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()是獲取系統類加載器,這樣修改之後會出現這樣的錯誤的原因是:插件工程和宿主工程都集成了PluginImpl,所以DexClassLoader在加載Bean的時候,首先會讓ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()類加載器(DexClassLoader的父加載器)去查找,因為Bean是實現了IBean接口,這時候ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader就會從插件工程的apk中查找這個接口,結果沒找到,沒找到的話就讓DexClassLoader去找,結果在PluginSDKs.apk中找到了,就加載進來,同時宿主工程中也集成了插件接口PluginImpl,他使用PathClassLoader去宿主工程中去查找,結果也是查找到了,也加載進來了,但是在進行類型轉化的時候出現了錯誤:
IBean bean = (IBean)beanObject;原因說白了就是:同一個類,用不同的類加載器進行加載產生出來的對象是不同的,不能進行相互賦值,負責就會出現轉化異常。
總結
上面就說到了一些開發插件的過程中會遇到的一些問題,當我們知道這些問題之後,解決方法自然就會有了,
1) 為了避免Could not find class...,我們必須要集成PluginImpl,方式是使用Library或者是libs文件夾導入jar
(這裡要注意,因為我們運行的其實是宿主工程apk,所以宿主工程一定要集成PluginImpl,如果他不集成的話,即使插件工程apk集成了也還是沒有效果的)
2) 為了避免Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation,我們在宿主工程和插件工程中只能集成一份PluginImpl,在結合上面的錯誤避免方式,可以得到正確的方式:
一定是宿主工程集成PluginImpl,插件工程一定不能集成PluginImpl。
(以後再制作插件的時候記住一句話就可以了,插件工程打包不能集成接口jar,宿主工程打包一定要集成接口jar)
關於第三個問題,其實在開發的過程中一般不會碰到,這裡說一下主要是為了馬上介紹Android中的類加載器的相關只是來做鋪墊的
(PS:問題都解決了,後續就要介紹插件的制作了~~)
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