android 網絡編程之網絡通信幾種方式

如今，手機應用滲透到各行各業，數量難以計數，其中大多數應用都會使用到網絡，與服務器的交互勢不可擋，那麼android當中訪問網絡有哪些方式呢？

現在總結了六種方式：

（1）針對TCP/IP的Socket、ServerSocket

（2）針對UDP的DatagramSocket、DatagramPackage。這裡需要注意的是，考慮到Android設備通常是手持終端,IP都是隨著上網進行分配的。不是固定的。因此開發也是有一點與普通互聯網應用有所差異的。

（3）針對直接URL的HttpURLConnection。

（4）Google集成了Apache HTTP客戶端，可使用HTTP進行網絡編程。

（5）使用WebService。Android可以通過開源包如jackson去支持Xmlrpc和Jsonrpc,另外也可以用Ksoap2去實現Webservice。

（6）直接使用WebView視圖組件顯示網頁。基於WebView 進行開發，Google已經提供了一個基於chrome-lite的Web浏覽器，直接就可以進行上網浏覽網頁。

一、socket與serverSocket

客戶端代碼

public class TestNetworkActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
	private Button connectBtn;
	private Button sendBtn;
	private TextView showView;
	private EditText msgText;
	private Socket socket;
	private Handler handler;
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

		setContentView(R.layout.test_network_main);

		connectBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_btn_connect);
		sendBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_btn_send);
		showView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_tv_show);
		msgText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_et_msg);
		connectBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
		sendBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
		
		handler = new Handler(){
			@Override
			public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
				super.handleMessage(msg);
				String data = msg.getData().getString("msg");
				showView.setText("來自服務器的消息:"+data);
			}
		};
	}
	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		//連接服務器
		if(v == connectBtn){
			connectServer();
		}
		//發送消息
		if(v == sendBtn){
			String msg = msgText.getText().toString();
			send(msg);
		}
	}
       /** 
	 *連接服務器的方法
	 */
	public void connectServer(){
		try {
			socket = new Socket("192.168.1.100",4000);
			System.out.println("連接服務器成功");
			recevie();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("連接服務器失敗"+e);
			e.printStackTrace();
		} 
	}
       /**
	 *發送消息的方法
	 */
	public void send(String msg){
		try {
			PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
			ps.println(msg);
			ps.flush();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
       /**
	 *讀取服務器傳回的方法
	 */
	public void recevie(){

		new Thread(){
			public void run(){
				while(true){
					try {
						InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
						BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
						String str = br.readLine();
						Message message = new Message();
						Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
						bundle.putString("msg", str);
						message.setData(bundle);
						handler.sendMessage(message);
						
					} catch (IOException e) {
						
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
		}.start();
	
	}
}

二、RUL、URLConnection、httpURLConnection、ApacheHttp、WebView

public class TestURLActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
	private Button connectBtn;
	private Button urlConnectionBtn;
	private Button httpUrlConnectionBtn;
	private Button httpClientBtn;
	private ImageView showImageView;
	private TextView showTextView;
	private WebView webView;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.test_url_main);

		connectBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_connect);
		urlConnectionBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_urlconnection);
		httpUrlConnectionBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_httpurlconnection);
		httpClientBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_httpclient);
		showImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_iv_show);
		showTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_tv_show);
		webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_wv);
		connectBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
		urlConnectionBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
		httpUrlConnectionBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
		httpClientBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
	}

	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		// 直接使用URL對象進行連接
		if (v == connectBtn) {
			
			try {
				URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/image.jpg");
				InputStream is = url.openStream();
				Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
				showImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				
				e.printStackTrace();
			}

		}
		// 直接使用URLConnection對象進行連接   
		if (v == urlConnectionBtn) {
			try {
				
				URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp");
				URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
				InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
				byte[] bs = new byte[1024];
				int len = 0;
				StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
				while ((len = is.read(bs)) != -1) {
					String str = new String(bs, 0, len);
					sb.append(str);
				}
				showTextView.setText(sb.toString());
			} catch (Exception e) {
				
				e.printStackTrace();
			}

		}
		// 直接使用HttpURLConnection對象進行連接
		if (v == httpUrlConnectionBtn) {
			
			try {
				URL url = new URL(
						"http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp?username=abc");
				HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url
						.openConnection();
				connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
				if (connection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
					String message = connection.getResponseMessage();
					showTextView.setText(message);
				}
			} catch (Exception e) {
				
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		// 使用ApacheHttp客戶端進行連接(重要方法)
		if (v == httpClientBtn) {
			try {
				
				HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
				// 如果是Get提交則創建HttpGet對象，否則創建HttpPost對象
				// HttpGet httpGet = new
				// HttpGet("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp?username=abc&pwd=321");
				// post提交的方式
				HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(
						"http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp");
				// 如果是Post提交可以將參數封裝到集合中傳遞
				List dataList = new ArrayList();
				dataList.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "aaaaa"));
				dataList.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pwd", "123"));
				// UrlEncodedFormEntity用於將集合轉換為Entity對象
				httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(dataList));
				// 獲取相應消息
				HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpPost);
				// 獲取消息內容
				HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
				// 把消息對象直接轉換為字符串
				String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
                                //showTextView.setText(content);
				
				//通過webview來解析網頁
				webView.loadDataWithBaseURL(null, content, "text/html", "utf-8", null);
				//給點url來進行解析
				//webView.loadUrl(url);
			} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
				 
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				 
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

}

三、使用webService

public class LoginActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
	private Button loginBtn;
	private static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://192.168.1.100:8080/loginservice/LoginServicePort";
	private static final String NAMESPACE = "http://service.lovo.com/";
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		 
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.login_main);
		loginBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.login_main_btn_login);
		loginBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
	}
	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		
		if(v == loginBtn){
			//創建WebService的連接對象
			HttpTransportSE httpSE = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);
			//通過SOAP1.1協議對象得到envelop
			SoapSerializationEnvelope envelop = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
			//根據命名空間和方法名來創建SOAP對象
			SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, "validate");
			//向調用方法傳遞參數
			soapObject.addProperty("arg0", "abc");
			soapObject.addProperty("arg1","123");
			//將SoapObject對象設置為SoapSerializationEnvelope對象的傳出SOAP消息
			envelop.bodyOut = soapObject;
			try {
				//開始調用遠程的方法
				httpSE.call(null, envelop);
				//得到遠程方法返回的SOAP對象
				SoapObject resultObj = (SoapObject) envelop.bodyIn;
				//根據名為return的鍵來獲取裡面的值，這個值就是方法的返回值
				String returnStr = resultObj.getProperty("return").toString();
				Toast.makeText(this, "返回值："+returnStr, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				 
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
				 
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			
		}
			
	}
}