[Android開發學習14]Android OpenGL ES 紋理映射之glDrawElements

目標: 為四方體的每個面貼上一張圖片，並自動旋轉。

一、基礎知識:
要實現每個面上貼一張圖片，首先需要創建一個紋理，並使用圖片來生成一個紋理。
==========================================================================

1.初始化:

 IntBuffer intBuffer = IntBuffer.allocate(2);
 // 1.允許2D貼圖,紋理
 gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
 // 2.創建紋理
 gl.glGenTextures(2, intBuffer);
 texture = intBuffer.get(0);
 // 3.設置要使用的紋理
 gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
 // 4.生成紋理
 GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.close_Bitmap, 0);
 // 5.線形濾波
 gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);
 gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);

==========================================================================

2.使用:

 // 1.清除屏幕和深度緩存
 gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

 // 2.重置當前的模型觀察矩陣
 gl.glLoadIdentity();
 // 3.移動到指定的位置
 gl.glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);

 // 4.設置3個方向的旋轉
 gl.glRotatef(xrot, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
 gl.glRotatef(yrot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
 gl.glRotatef(zrot, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

 texture = intBuffer.get(1);;
 //  5.綁定紋理
 gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
 
 // 6.開啟頂點和紋理功能
 gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
 gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
 
 // 7.紋理和四邊形對應的頂點
 gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, vertices);
 gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, texCoords);

 // 8.繪制0
 GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.iBitmap, 0);
 gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_0);

 // 9.關閉頂點和紋理功能
 gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
 gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
==========================================================================

 

 

二、實現:

1. 界面編輯：
【res\layout\main.xml】

[html] 
<SPAN style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #999999"><SPAN style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #333333"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    android:orientation="vertical" 
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
    > 
<TextView   
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
    android:text="@string/hello" 
    /> 
 
<Button 
    android:id="@+id/button1" 
    android:layout_width="145dp" 
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
    android:text="演示開始" /> 
 
</LinearLayout> 
</SPAN></SPAN> 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
<TextView 
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@string/hello"
    />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/button1"
    android:layout_width="145dp"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="演示開始" />

</LinearLayout>

2.代碼編輯:
【\src\com\yarin\android\Examples\Activity01.java】

[java] 
package com.yarin.android.Examples_12_05; 
 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
 
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10; 
 
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.content.res.Resources; 
import android.graphics.Bitmap; 
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; 
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView; 
import android.opengl.GLUtils; 
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.view.View; 
import android.widget.Button; 
 
public class Activity01 extends Activity 
{ 
    Renderer render = new GLRender(); 
    GLSurfaceView glView; 
    Button start;           // 演示開始  
 
     
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
    @Override 
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
    { 
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
        GLImage.load(this.getResources()); 
        glView = new GLSurfaceView(this); 
         
         
        glView.setRenderer(render); 
        setContentView(R.layout.main); 
        start=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);   // "演示開始"按鈕初始化  
        start.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { 
             
            @Override 
            public void onClick(View v) { 
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
                setContentView(glView); 
            } 
        }); 
        //setContentView(glView);  
    } 
} 
 
 
class GLImage 
{ 
    public static Bitmap iBitmap; 
    public static Bitmap jBitmap; 
    public static Bitmap kBitmap; 
    public static Bitmap lBitmap; 
    public static Bitmap mBitmap; 
    public static Bitmap nBitmap; 
    public static Bitmap close_Bitmap; 
     
     
    public static void load(Resources resources) 
    { 
        iBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.img); 
        jBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.jmg); 
        kBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.kmg); 
        lBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.lmg); 
        mBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.mmg); 
        nBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.nmg); 
        close_Bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.close); 
    } 
} 
 
【\src\com\yarin\android\Examples\GLRender.java】 
package com.yarin.android.Examples_12_05; 
 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import java.nio.ByteBuffer; 
import java.nio.IntBuffer; 
 
import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig; 
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10; 
 
import android.graphics.Bitmap; 
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; 
import android.opengl.GLUtils; 
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer; 
 
public class GLRender implements Renderer 
{ 
    float xrot, yrot, zrot; 
    int texture = -1; 
    int one = 0x10000; 
     
    IntBuffer intBuffer = IntBuffer.allocate(2); 
    int n_view_start_x=100; 
    int n_view_start_y=20; 
    int n_close_flag=0; // 1: close_icon show. 0: close_icon hide.  
    public int textureId; 
     
    IntBuffer vertices = IntBuffer.wrap(new int[]{ 
            -one,-one,one, 
            one,-one,one, 
            one,one,one, 
            -one,one,one, 
             
            -one,-one,-one, 
            -one,one,-one, 
            one,one,-one, 
            one,-one,-one, 
             
            -one,one,-one, 
            -one,one,one, 
            one,one,one, 
            one,one,-one, 
             
            -one,-one,-one, 
            one,-one,-one, 
            one,-one,one, 
            -one,-one,one, 
             
            one,-one,-one, 
            one,one,-one, 
            one,one,one, 
            one,-one,one, 
             
            -one,-one,-one, 
            -one,-one,one, 
            -one,one,one, 
            -one,one,-one, 
             
    }); 
    IntBuffer texCoords = IntBuffer.wrap(new int[]{ 
        one,0,0,0,0,one,one,one,     
        0,0,0,one,one,one,one,0, 
        one,one,one,0,0,0,0,one, 
        0,one,one,one,one,0,0,0, 
        0,0,0,one,one,one,one,0, 
        one,0,0,0,0,one,one,one, 
    }); 
     
    ByteBuffer indices = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{ 
            0,1,3,2, 
            4,5,7,6, 
            8,9,11,10, 
            12,13,15,14, 
            16,17,19,18, 
            20,21,23,22, 
    }); 
     
    ByteBuffer indices_0 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{ 
            0,1,3,2 
    }); 
 
    ByteBuffer indices_1 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{ 
            4,5,7,6 
    }); 
     
    ByteBuffer indices_2 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{ 
            8,9,11,10 
    }); 
     
    ByteBuffer indices_3 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{ 
            12,13,15,14 
    }); 
     
    ByteBuffer indices_4 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{ 
            16,17,19,18 
    }); 
     
    ByteBuffer indices_5 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{ 
            20,21,23,22 
    }); 
     
    //正方形的4個頂點     
    private IntBuffer quaterBuffer = IntBuffer.wrap(new int[]{   
               one,one,0,   
               -one,one,0,   
               one,-one,0,   
               -one,-one,0});   
    IntBuffer texCoords_rect = IntBuffer.wrap(new int[]{ 
            0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,                
          }); 
 
    @Override 
    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) 
    { 
        // 1.清除屏幕和深度緩存  
        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); 
 
        // 2.重置當前的模型觀察矩陣  
        gl.glLoadIdentity(); 
        // 3.移動到指定的位置  
        gl.glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f); 
 
        // 4.設置3個方向的旋轉  
        gl.glRotatef(xrot, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); 
        gl.glRotatef(yrot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); 
        gl.glRotatef(zrot, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); 
 
        texture = intBuffer.get(1);; 
        //  5.綁定紋理  
        gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); 
         
        // 6.開啟頂點和紋理功能  
        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); 
        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); 
         
        // 7.紋理和四邊形對應的頂點  
        gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, vertices); 
        gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, texCoords); 
 
        // 8.繪制0  
        GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.iBitmap, 0); 
        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_0); 
 
        //繪制1  
        GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.jBitmap, 0); 
        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_1); 
 
        //繪制2  
        GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.kBitmap, 0); 
        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_2); 
         
        //繪制3  
        GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.lBitmap, 0); 
        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_3); 
         
        //繪制4  
        GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.mBitmap, 0); 
        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_4); 
         
        //繪制5  
        GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.close_Bitmap, 0); 
        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_5); 
             
        if(0==n_close_flag) 
        { 
             
            // 重置當前的模型觀察矩陣     
            gl.glLoadIdentity();   
            // 左移 1.5 單位，並移入屏幕 5.0     
            gl.glTranslatef(-4.5f, 3.0f, -5.0f);   
             
            gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); 
            gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); 
             
            texture = intBuffer.get(0); 
            // 綁定紋理  
            gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); 
            GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.close_Bitmap, 0); 
             
            // 繪制關閉按鈕  
            // 設置和繪制正方形     
            gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, quaterBuffer);   
            gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, texCoords_rect); 
 
            gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4); 
            //gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_5);  
             
            n_close_flag=1; 
        } 
 
        // 9.關閉頂點和紋理功能  
        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); 
        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); 
         
        xrot+=0.5f; 
        yrot+=0.6f;  
        zrot+=0.3f;  
         
    } 
 
    @Override 
    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) 
    { 
        float ratio = (float) (width-n_view_start_x) / (height-n_view_start_x); 
        //設置OpenGL場景的大小  
        //gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);  
        gl.glViewport(n_view_start_x, n_view_start_y, width-n_view_start_x, height-n_view_start_y); 
         
        //設置投影矩陣  
        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); 
        //重置投影矩陣  
        gl.glLoadIdentity(); 
        // 設置視口的大小  
        gl.glFrustumf(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 1, 10); 
        // 選擇模型觀察矩陣  
        gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);  
        // 重置模型觀察矩陣  
        gl.glLoadIdentity();     
         
    } 
 
    @Override 
    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) 
    { 
        // 綠色背景  
        gl.glClearColor(0, 1, 0, 0); 
         
        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE); 
        // 啟用陰影平滑  
        gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); 
        // 啟用深度測試  
        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); 
         
        //啟用紋理映射  
        gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f); 
        //深度測試的類型  
        gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL); 
        //精細的透視修正  
        gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST); 
         
/*     
        // 1.允許2D貼圖,紋理
        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
        
        IntBuffer intBuffer = IntBuffer.allocate(1);
        // 2.創建紋理
        gl.glGenTextures(1, intBuffer);
        texture = intBuffer.get();
        // 3.設置要使用的紋理
        gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
        
        // 4.生成紋理
        GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.mBitmap, 0);
        
        // 5.線形濾波
        gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);
        gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);
*/ 
 
        // 1.允許2D貼圖,紋理  
        gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D); 
         
        // 2.創建紋理  
        gl.glGenTextures(2, intBuffer); 
         
        texture = intBuffer.get(0); 
        // 3.設置要使用的紋理  
        gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); 
        // 4.生成紋理  
        GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.close_Bitmap, 0); 
 
        texture = intBuffer.get(1); 
        // 3.設置要使用的紋理  
        gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); 
        // 4.生成紋理  
        GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.nBitmap, 0); 
         
        // 5.線形濾波  
        gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); 
        gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); 
 
    } 
 
} 
package com.yarin.android.Examples_12_05;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.opengl.GLUtils;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class Activity01 extends Activity
{
 Renderer render = new GLRender();
 GLSurfaceView glView;
 Button start;   // 演示開始

 
 /** Called when the activity is first created. */
 @Override
 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
 {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  GLImage.load(this.getResources());
  glView = new GLSurfaceView(this);
  
  
  glView.setRenderer(render);
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  start=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1); // "演示開始"按鈕初始化
  start.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
   
   @Override
   public void onClick(View v) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    setContentView(glView);
   }
  });
  //setContentView(glView);
 }
}

class GLImage
{
 public static Bitmap iBitmap;
 public static Bitmap jBitmap;
 public static Bitmap kBitmap;
 public static Bitmap lBitmap;
 public static Bitmap mBitmap;
 public static Bitmap nBitmap;
 public static Bitmap close_Bitmap;
 
 
 public static void load(Resources resources)
 {
  iBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.img);
  jBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.jmg);
  kBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.kmg);
  lBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.lmg);
  mBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.mmg);
  nBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.nmg);
  close_Bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, R.drawable.close);
 }
}

【\src\com\yarin\android\Examples\GLRender.java】
package com.yarin.android.Examples_12_05;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.IntBuffer;

import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.opengl.GLUtils;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer;

public class GLRender implements Renderer
{
 float xrot, yrot, zrot;
 int texture = -1;
 int one = 0x10000;
 
 IntBuffer intBuffer = IntBuffer.allocate(2);
 int n_view_start_x=100;
 int n_view_start_y=20;
 int n_close_flag=0; // 1: close_icon show. 0: close_icon hide.
 public int textureId;
 
 IntBuffer vertices = IntBuffer.wrap(new int[]{
   -one,-one,one,
   one,-one,one,
   one,one,one,
   -one,one,one,
   
   -one,-one,-one,
   -one,one,-one,
   one,one,-one,
   one,-one,-one,
   
   -one,one,-one,
   -one,one,one,
   one,one,one,
   one,one,-one,
   
   -one,-one,-one,
   one,-one,-one,
   one,-one,one,
   -one,-one,one,
   
   one,-one,-one,
   one,one,-one,
   one,one,one,
   one,-one,one,
   
   -one,-one,-one,
   -one,-one,one,
   -one,one,one,
   -one,one,-one,
   
 });
 IntBuffer texCoords = IntBuffer.wrap(new int[]{
  one,0,0,0,0,one,one,one, 
  0,0,0,one,one,one,one,0,
  one,one,one,0,0,0,0,one,
  0,one,one,one,one,0,0,0,
  0,0,0,one,one,one,one,0,
  one,0,0,0,0,one,one,one,
 });
 
 ByteBuffer indices = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{
   0,1,3,2,
   4,5,7,6,
   8,9,11,10,
   12,13,15,14,
   16,17,19,18,
   20,21,23,22,
 });
 
 ByteBuffer indices_0 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{
   0,1,3,2
 });

 ByteBuffer indices_1 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{
   4,5,7,6
 });
 
 ByteBuffer indices_2 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{
   8,9,11,10
 });
 
 ByteBuffer indices_3 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{
   12,13,15,14
 });
 
 ByteBuffer indices_4 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{
   16,17,19,18
 });
 
 ByteBuffer indices_5 = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{
   20,21,23,22
 });
 
    //正方形的4個頂點  
    private IntBuffer quaterBuffer = IntBuffer.wrap(new int[]{ 
               one,one,0, 
               -one,one,0, 
               one,-one,0, 
               -one,-one,0}); 
    IntBuffer texCoords_rect = IntBuffer.wrap(new int[]{
            0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,              
          });

 @Override
 public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl)
 {
  // 1.清除屏幕和深度緩存
  gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

  // 2.重置當前的模型觀察矩陣
  gl.glLoadIdentity();
  // 3.移動到指定的位置
  gl.glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);

  // 4.設置3個方向的旋轉
  gl.glRotatef(xrot, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
  gl.glRotatef(yrot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
  gl.glRotatef(zrot, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

  texture = intBuffer.get(1);;
  //  5.綁定紋理
  gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
  
  // 6.開啟頂點和紋理功能
  gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
  gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
  
  // 7.紋理和四邊形對應的頂點
  gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, vertices);
  gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, texCoords);

  // 8.繪制0
  GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.iBitmap, 0);
  gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_0);

  //繪制1
  GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.jBitmap, 0);
  gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_1);

  //繪制2
  GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.kBitmap, 0);
  gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_2);
  
  //繪制3
  GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.lBitmap, 0);
  gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_3);
  
  //繪制4
  GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.mBitmap, 0);
  gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_4);
  
  //繪制5
  GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.close_Bitmap, 0);
  gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_5);
   
  if(0==n_close_flag)
  {
     
      // 重置當前的模型觀察矩陣  
         gl.glLoadIdentity(); 
         // 左移 1.5 單位，並移入屏幕 5.0  
         gl.glTranslatef(-4.5f, 3.0f, -5.0f); 
        
   gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
   gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
   
         texture = intBuffer.get(0);
   // 綁定紋理
   gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
   GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.close_Bitmap, 0);
   
   // 繪制關閉按鈕
         // 設置和繪制正方形  
         gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, quaterBuffer); 
         gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, texCoords_rect);

         gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
         //gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4,  GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices_5);
        
   n_close_flag=1;
  }

        // 9.關閉頂點和紋理功能
     gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
     gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
    
     xrot+=0.5f;
     yrot+=0.6f;
     zrot+=0.3f;
  
 }

 @Override
 public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height)
 {
  float ratio = (float) (width-n_view_start_x) / (height-n_view_start_x);
  //設置OpenGL場景的大小
  //gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
  gl.glViewport(n_view_start_x, n_view_start_y, width-n_view_start_x, height-n_view_start_y);
  
  //設置投影矩陣
  gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);
  //重置投影矩陣
  gl.glLoadIdentity();
  // 設置視口的大小
  gl.glFrustumf(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 1, 10);
  // 選擇模型觀察矩陣
  gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); 
  // 重置模型觀察矩陣
  gl.glLoadIdentity(); 
  
 }

 @Override
 public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config)
 {
  // 綠色背景
  gl.glClearColor(0, 1, 0, 0);
  
  gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE);
  // 啟用陰影平滑
  gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH);
  // 啟用深度測試
  gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
  
  //啟用紋理映射
  gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f);
  //深度測試的類型
  gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL);
  //精細的透視修正
  gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST);
  
/*  
  // 1.允許2D貼圖,紋理
  gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
  
  IntBuffer intBuffer = IntBuffer.allocate(1);
  // 2.創建紋理
  gl.glGenTextures(1, intBuffer);
  texture = intBuffer.get();
  // 3.設置要使用的紋理
  gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
  
  // 4.生成紋理
  GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.mBitmap, 0);
  
  // 5.線形濾波
  gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);
  gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);
*/

  // 1.允許2D貼圖,紋理
  gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
  
  // 2.創建紋理
  gl.glGenTextures(2, intBuffer);
  
  texture = intBuffer.get(0);
  // 3.設置要使用的紋理
  gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
  // 4.生成紋理
  GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.close_Bitmap, 0);

  texture = intBuffer.get(1);
  // 3.設置要使用的紋理
  gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
  // 4.生成紋理
  GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLImage.nBitmap, 0);
  
  // 5.線形濾波
  gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);
  gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);

 }

}