編輯:關於Android編程
ViewRoot對應於ViewRootImpl類,它是連接WindowManager和DecorView的紐帶,View的三大流程均是通過ViewRoot來完成的,在ActivityThread中,當ActivityThread中,當Activity對象被創建完畢後,會將DecorView添加到Window中,同時會創建ViewRootImpl對象,並將ViewRootImpl對象和DecorView建立關聯。
View的繪制過程就是從ViewRoot的performTraversals方法開始的,它經過measure、layout、draw三個過程才能最終將一個View繪制出來:
1.measure用來測量View的寬和高。
2.layout用來確定View在父容器中放置的位置。
3.draw用來將view繪制在屏幕上。
大致的流程如下圖所示:
如圖所示,performTraversals會依次調用performMeasure、perfZ喎?/kf/ware/vc/" target="_blank" class="keylink">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"![enter description here][2]" src="/uploadfile/Collfiles/20160729/20160729093546661.png" title="\" />
大家應該還記得我們在Activity中加載布局使用的方法吧!setContentView,那個contentview就是我們這個DecroView中的子布局,從之前的博文View的事件分發中,我們也可以了解到View的點擊事件都要先經過DecorView,然後再傳遞給我們的View。
MeasureSpec的中文意思是測量規格的意思,MeasureSpec代表一個32的int值,高2位代表SpecMode測量模式,低30位代表SpecSize測量規格大小。
經常使用的三個函數:
1.public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size,int mode)
構造一個MeasureSpec
2.public static int getMode(int measureSpec)
獲取MeasureSpec的測量模式
3.public static int getSize(int measureSpec)
獲取MeasureSpec的測量大小
SpecMode分為三類,每一類都沒有他們對應的約束。
1.UNSPECIFIED
父容器不對View有任何限制,要多大就給多大,這種情況,一般我們自定義View用不到。
2.Exactly
這個表示准確值,這個對應著LayoutParams中的matchparent和准確值,這個時候View的最終大小就是SpecSize所指定的數。
3.AT_MOST
父容器指定了一個可用大小即SpecSize,View的大小不能大於該值,具體是什麼要看View中自己的處理,所有自定義View時,我們需要自己在measure裡面處理設置布局的大小,它對應layoutparams中的wrap_content
在上面系統中,使用MeasureSpec來進行View的測量,但是正常情況下我們使用View指定MeasureSpec,盡管如此,但是我們可以給View設置layoutparams,在View測量的時候,系統會將LayoutParams在父容器的約束下自動轉化成對應的MeasureSpec,然後再根據MeasureSpec來確定View最終的寬高。
MeasureSpec不是由LayoutParams唯一決定的,子View的寬高由自身的layoutparams和父容器的MeasureSpec。
對於DecorView,其MeasureSpec由窗口的尺寸和自身的Layoutparams決定;
對於普通的View,其MeasureSpec由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身的Layoutparams共同決定;
遵循的規則:
1.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:精確模式,大小就是窗口的大小
2.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:最大模式,大小不定,但是不能超過窗口的大小
3.固定大小(比如100dp):精確模式,大小為LayoutParams中指定的大小
**4.當view采用固定的寬高時,不管父容器的MeasureSpec是什麼,View的MeasureSpec都是精確模式並且大小遵循LayoutParams的大小
5.當View的寬高時matchparent時,如果父容器是精確模式,那麼View也是精確模式,並且View也是精確模式並且大小是父容器的剩余空間。如果父容器是最大模式,那麼View也是最大模式但是大小不能超過剩余的空間。
6.當View是wrap_content,那麼不管父容器的模式,View一定是最大模式,但是不能超過父容器的剩余空間。**
View的工作流程主要是指measure、layout、draw這三個流程,即測量、布局、繪制,其中measure確定View的測量寬高,layout確定View的最終寬高和上下左右的位置,draw將View繪制到屏幕上。
measure過程要分情況來看:
1.針對View的measure過程
View的measure過程由其meaure方法完成,measure方法是一個final類型的方法,子類不可以重寫此方法,因為View的measure內部會調用onMeasure方法,我們來看一下View的onMeasure的實現即可。
@CallSuper public void draw(Canvas canvas) { final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags; final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE && (mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState); mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN; /* * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed * in the appropriate order: * * 1. Draw the background * 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading * 3. Draw view's content * 4. Draw children * 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers * 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance) */ // Step 1, draw the background, if needed int saveCount; if (!dirtyOpaque) { drawBackground(canvas); } // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case) final int viewFlags = mViewFlags; boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0; boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0; if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) { // Step 3, draw the content if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas); // Step 4, draw the children dispatchDraw(canvas); // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) { mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas); } // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars) onDrawForeground(canvas); // we're done... return; } /* * Here we do the full fledged routine... * (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less, * this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been * done above) */ boolean drawTop = false; boolean drawBottom = false; boolean drawLeft = false; boolean drawRight = false; float topFadeStrength = 0.0f; float bottomFadeStrength = 0.0f; float leftFadeStrength = 0.0f; float rightFadeStrength = 0.0f; // Step 2, save the canvas' layers int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft; final boolean offsetRequired = isPaddingOffsetRequired(); if (offsetRequired) { paddingLeft += getLeftPaddingOffset(); } int left = mScrollX + paddingLeft; int right = left + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight - paddingLeft; int top = mScrollY + getFadeTop(offsetRequired); int bottom = top + getFadeHeight(offsetRequired); if (offsetRequired) { right += getRightPaddingOffset(); bottom += getBottomPaddingOffset(); } final ScrollabilityCache scrollabilityCache = mScrollCache; final float fadeHeight = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength; int length = (int) fadeHeight; // clip the fade length if top and bottom fades overlap // overlapping fades produce odd-looking artifacts if (verticalEdges && (top + length > bottom - length)) { length = (bottom - top) / 2; } // also clip horizontal fades if necessary if (horizontalEdges && (left + length > right - length)) { length = (right - left) / 2; } if (verticalEdges) { topFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getTopFadingEdgeStrength())); drawTop = topFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f; bottomFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getBottomFadingEdgeStrength())); drawBottom = bottomFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f; } if (horizontalEdges) { leftFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getLeftFadingEdgeStrength())); drawLeft = leftFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f; rightFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getRightFadingEdgeStrength())); drawRight = rightFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f; } saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount(); int solidColor = getSolidColor(); if (solidColor == 0) { final int flags = Canvas.HAS_ALPHA_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG; if (drawTop) { canvas.saveLayer(left, top, right, top + length, null, flags); } if (drawBottom) { canvas.saveLayer(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, null, flags); } if (drawLeft) { canvas.saveLayer(left, top, left + length, bottom, null, flags); } if (drawRight) { canvas.saveLayer(right - length, top, right, bottom, null, flags); } } else { scrollabilityCache.setFadeColor(solidColor); } // Step 3, draw the content if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas); // Step 4, draw the children dispatchDraw(canvas); // Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers final Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint; final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix; final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader; if (drawTop) { matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength); matrix.postTranslate(left, top); fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix); p.setShader(fade); canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p); } if (drawBottom) { matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * bottomFadeStrength); matrix.postRotate(180); matrix.postTranslate(left, bottom); fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix); p.setShader(fade); canvas.drawRect(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, p); } if (drawLeft) { matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * leftFadeStrength); matrix.postRotate(-90); matrix.postTranslate(left, top); fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix); p.setShader(fade); canvas.drawRect(left, top, left + length, bottom, p); } if (drawRight) { matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * rightFadeStrength); matrix.postRotate(90); matrix.postTranslate(right, top); fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix); p.setShader(fade); canvas.drawRect(right - length, top, right, bottom, p); } canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount); // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) { mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas); } // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars) onDrawForeground(canvas); }
View的繪制過程的傳遞是通過dispatchDraw實現的,dispatchdraw會遍歷調用所有子元素的draw方法。如此draw事件就一層一層的傳遞下去。
好,大結局。學習好上面的所有知識,我們就要打開自定義View的大門了啊,Follow Me!!!
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